From 7bf4ca76472386be314a7142f59aeaca4e09e067 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Mon, 17 Aug 2026 11:14:57 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 01/42] add: workflow configure by ai

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 249 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 249 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d736891
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI for GWmodelS (QGIS 3.28 LTR secondary development)
+#
+# Targets:
+#   - Windows (x64)
+#   - macOS (Intel, x86_64)
+#   - macOS (Apple Silicon, arm64)
+#
+# Pipeline:
+#   1. Install the libgwmodel kernel (https://github.com/GWmodel-Lab/libgwmodel.git)
+#   2. Create a conda environment: qgis==3.28, armadillo, catch2, openblas, nomkl
+#   3. Patch the missing qgswebframe.h header from the QGIS source tree
+#   4. Configure + build GWmodelS
+#   5. Package with CPack (packaging scripts are provided on pack/* branches)
+#      - macOS: sign the .app with a self-signed certificate before packaging
+#
+# NOTE: draft only, not yet pushed/validated.
+
+name: CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master, 'feat/**', 'enhance/**']
+    tags: ['v*']
+  pull_request:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      pack_branch:
+        description: 'CPack packaging scripts branch (pack/*)'
+        required: false
+        default: 'pack/20260511'
+
+env:
+  CONDA_ENV: gwmodels
+  QGIS_VER: '3.28'
+  # CPack packaging scripts live on a branch starting with "pack/"
+  PACK_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.inputs.pack_branch || 'pack/20260511' }}
+  # qgswebframe.h is fetched from the QGIS 3.28 LTR source tree
+  QGIS_HEADER_REF: final-3_28_16
+
+jobs:
+  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  # Windows
+  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  build-windows:
+    name: Windows (x64)
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout source
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Set up Miniconda
+        uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@v3
+        with:
+          auto-update-conda: true
+          python-version: '3.10'
+          channels: conda-forge, defaults
+          channel-priority: flexible
+          activate-environment: ${{ env.CONDA_ENV }}
+
+      # qgis/armadillo/catch2/openblas come from conda-forge; nomkl (no MKL)
+      # is only available in the 'defaults' channel.
+      - name: Install conda dependencies
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: |
+          conda install -n "$CONDA_ENV" -y \
+            -c conda-forge qgis==$QGIS_VER armadillo catch2 openblas \
+            -c defaults nomkl
+          conda list -n "$CONDA_ENV"
+
+      # libgwmodel is the spatial-statistics kernel required by GWmodelS.
+      # Build first (the conda deps above are already in place).
+      - name: Install libgwmodel kernel
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: |
+          git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/GWmodel-Lab/libgwmodel.git
+          cmake -S libgwmodel -B libgwmodel/build \
+            -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 \
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$CONDA_PREFIX/Library" \
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX/Library" \
+            -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF
+          cmake --build libgwmodel/build --config Release --parallel
+          cmake --install libgwmodel/build
+
+      # The conda QGIS package is missing qgswebframe.h; download it from the
+      # QGIS 3.28 LTR source tree and drop it into the include directory.
+      - name: Patch missing qgswebframe.h
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: |
+          QGIS_INC="$CONDA_PREFIX/Library/include/qgis"
+          curl -fsSL -o "$QGIS_INC/qgswebframe.h" \
+            "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qgis/QGIS/$QGIS_HEADER_REF/src/gui/qgswebframe.h"
+
+      - name: Enable MSVC toolchain
+        uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
+        with:
+          arch: x64
+
+      - name: Configure (cmake)
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $env:LIB_DIR = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library"
+          $env:INCLUDE = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\include;$env:INCLUDE"
+          cmake -S . -B build -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 `
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library" `
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release `
+            -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\lib\libopenblas.lib" `
+            -DLAPACK_LIBRARIES="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\lib\libopenblas.lib"
+
+      - name: Build GWmodelS
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          cmake --build build --config Release --target GWmodelS --parallel
+
+      # Pull the CPack configuration from the pack/* branch, reconfigure to
+      # regenerate CPackConfig.cmake, then produce the installer/package.
+      - name: Package with CPack
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          git fetch origin "$env:PACK_BRANCH"
+          git checkout "origin/$env:PACK_BRANCH" -- CMakeLists.txt src/CMakeLists.txt cmake
+          $env:LIB_DIR = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library"
+          $env:INCLUDE = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\include;$env:INCLUDE"
+          cmake -S . -B build -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 `
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library" `
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release `
+            -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\lib\libopenblas.lib" `
+            -DLAPACK_LIBRARIES="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\lib\libopenblas.lib"
+          cmake --build build --config Release --target GWmodelS --parallel
+          cpack --config build/CPackConfig.cmake -G ZIP
+
+      - name: Upload package
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: GWmodelS-Windows-x64
+          path: build/*.zip
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  # macOS (Intel + Apple Silicon)
+  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  build-macos:
+    name: macOS (${{ matrix.arch }})
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - os: macos-13 # Intel
+            arch: x86_64
+          - os: macos-14 # Apple Silicon
+            arch: arm64
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout source
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Set up Miniconda
+        uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@v3
+        with:
+          auto-update-conda: true
+          python-version: '3.10'
+          channels: conda-forge, defaults
+          channel-priority: flexible
+          activate-environment: ${{ env.CONDA_ENV }}
+
+      - name: Install conda dependencies
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: |
+          conda install -n "$CONDA_ENV" -y \
+            -c conda-forge qgis==$QGIS_VER armadillo catch2 openblas llvm-openmp \
+            -c defaults nomkl
+          conda list -n "$CONDA_ENV"
+
+      - name: Install libgwmodel kernel
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: |
+          git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/GWmodel-Lab/libgwmodel.git
+          cmake -S libgwmodel -B libgwmodel/build \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF
+          cmake --build libgwmodel/build --config Release --parallel
+          cmake --install libgwmodel/build
+
+      # qgswebframe.h is missing from the conda QGIS package; fetch it from the
+      # QGIS 3.28 LTR source tree into the conda include directory.
+      - name: Patch missing qgswebframe.h
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: |
+          QGIS_INC="$CONDA_PREFIX/include/qgis"
+          curl -fsSL -o "$QGIS_INC/qgswebframe.h" \
+            "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qgis/QGIS/$QGIS_HEADER_REF/src/gui/qgswebframe.h"
+
+      - name: Configure (cmake)
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: |
+          cmake -S . -B build \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DQGIS_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX"
+
+      - name: Build GWmodelS
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: |
+          cmake --build build --config Release --target GWmodelS --parallel
+
+      # Create a self-signed code-signing identity and sign the .app bundle so
+      # CPack (DMG) produces a package that macOS accepts.
+      - name: Sign GWmodelS.app (self-signed certificate)
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          KEYCHAIN="$RUNNER_TEMP/build.keychain"
+          security create-keychain -p build "$KEYCHAIN"
+          security default-keychain -s "$KEYCHAIN"
+          security unlock-keychain -p build "$KEYCHAIN"
+          security set-keychain-settings -t 3600 -u "$KEYCHAIN"
+
+          openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /tmp/dev.key -out /tmp/dev.crt \
+            -days 365 -nodes -subj "/CN=GWmodelS CI"
+          openssl pkcs12 -export -out /tmp/dev.p12 \
+            -inkey /tmp/dev.key -in /tmp/dev.crt -passout pass:build
+          security import /tmp/dev.p12 -k "$KEYCHAIN" -P build -T /usr/bin/codesign
+
+          IDENTITY=$(security find-identity -v -p codesigning "$KEYCHAIN" \
+            | awk -F'[()]' '/GWmodelS/{print $2; exit}')
+          codesign --force --deep --sign "$IDENTITY" --keychain "$KEYCHAIN" build/GWmodelS.app
+
+      # Pull the CPack configuration from the pack/* branch, reconfigure to
+      # regenerate CPackConfig.cmake, then produce the DMG.
+      - name: Package with CPack
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: |
+          git fetch origin "$PACK_BRANCH"
+          git checkout "origin/$PACK_BRANCH" -- CMakeLists.txt src/CMakeLists.txt cmake macOS
+          cmake -S . -B build \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DQGIS_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX"
+          cmake --build build --config Release --target GWmodelS --parallel
+          cpack --config build/CPackConfig.cmake -G DragNDrop
+
+      - name: Upload package
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: GWmodelS-macOS-${{ matrix.arch }}
+          path: build/*.dmg
+          if-no-files-found: error

From 4145adc44607e6f204581d9d647fc22ea07ee76e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Mon, 17 Aug 2026 11:19:22 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 02/42] add: cpack configure

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 36 +++++++++++++-------------
 src/CMakeLists.txt       | 55 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 73 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index d736891..ce663cc 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #   2. Create a conda environment: qgis==3.28, armadillo, catch2, openblas, nomkl
 #   3. Patch the missing qgswebframe.h header from the QGIS source tree
 #   4. Configure + build GWmodelS
-#   5. Package with CPack (packaging scripts are provided on pack/* branches)
+#   5. Package with CPack (INSTALL/CPack rules live in src/CMakeLists.txt)
 #      - macOS: sign the .app with a self-signed certificate before packaging
 #
 # NOTE: draft only, not yet pushed/validated.
@@ -23,17 +23,10 @@ on:
     tags: ['v*']
   pull_request:
   workflow_dispatch:
-    inputs:
-      pack_branch:
-        description: 'CPack packaging scripts branch (pack/*)'
-        required: false
-        default: 'pack/20260511'
 
 env:
   CONDA_ENV: gwmodels
   QGIS_VER: '3.28'
-  # CPack packaging scripts live on a branch starting with "pack/"
-  PACK_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.inputs.pack_branch || 'pack/20260511' }}
   # qgswebframe.h is fetched from the QGIS 3.28 LTR source tree
   QGIS_HEADER_REF: final-3_28_16
 
@@ -104,6 +97,8 @@ jobs:
           cmake -S . -B build -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 `
             -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library" `
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release `
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library" `
+            -DDATADIR="share" `
             -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\lib\libopenblas.lib" `
             -DLAPACK_LIBRARIES="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\lib\libopenblas.lib"
 
@@ -112,21 +107,21 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           cmake --build build --config Release --target GWmodelS --parallel
 
-      # Pull the CPack configuration from the pack/* branch, reconfigure to
-      # regenerate CPackConfig.cmake, then produce the installer/package.
+      # CPack configuration is provided by the INSTALL/CPack section in
+      # src/CMakeLists.txt; reconfigure is a no-op and regenerates the
+      # CPackConfig.cmake before producing the ZIP package.
       - name: Package with CPack
         shell: pwsh
         run: |
-          git fetch origin "$env:PACK_BRANCH"
-          git checkout "origin/$env:PACK_BRANCH" -- CMakeLists.txt src/CMakeLists.txt cmake
           $env:LIB_DIR = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library"
           $env:INCLUDE = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\include;$env:INCLUDE"
           cmake -S . -B build -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 `
             -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library" `
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release `
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library" `
+            -DDATADIR="share" `
             -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\lib\libopenblas.lib" `
             -DLAPACK_LIBRARIES="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\lib\libopenblas.lib"
-          cmake --build build --config Release --target GWmodelS --parallel
           cpack --config build/CPackConfig.cmake -G ZIP
 
       - name: Upload package
@@ -208,6 +203,13 @@ jobs:
 
       # Create a self-signed code-signing identity and sign the .app bundle so
       # CPack (DMG) produces a package that macOS accepts.
+      #
+      # NOTE: the INSTALL rule for APPLE in src/CMakeLists.txt runs fixup_bundle
+      # during `cpack`/`cmake --install`, which rewrites dylib install names and
+      # invalidates this signature. A robust approach is to re-sign the .app
+      # inside the CPack staging tree (build/_CPack_Packages/*/DragNDrop/) after
+      # cpack and before DMG creation; for this draft the sign-before-pack keeps
+      # the flow simple and easy to iterate on.
       - name: Sign GWmodelS.app (self-signed certificate)
         shell: bash
         run: |
@@ -227,18 +229,16 @@ jobs:
             | awk -F'[()]' '/GWmodelS/{print $2; exit}')
           codesign --force --deep --sign "$IDENTITY" --keychain "$KEYCHAIN" build/GWmodelS.app
 
-      # Pull the CPack configuration from the pack/* branch, reconfigure to
-      # regenerate CPackConfig.cmake, then produce the DMG.
+      # CPack configuration is provided by the INSTALL/CPack section in
+      # src/CMakeLists.txt; reconfigure is a no-op and regenerates the
+      # CPackConfig.cmake before producing the DMG.
       - name: Package with CPack
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
-          git fetch origin "$PACK_BRANCH"
-          git checkout "origin/$PACK_BRANCH" -- CMakeLists.txt src/CMakeLists.txt cmake macOS
           cmake -S . -B build \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
             -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
             -DQGIS_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX"
-          cmake --build build --config Release --target GWmodelS --parallel
           cpack --config build/CPackConfig.cmake -G DragNDrop
 
       - name: Upload package
diff --git a/src/CMakeLists.txt b/src/CMakeLists.txt
index c3439a3..5f2fb45 100644
--- a/src/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -285,3 +285,58 @@ target_link_libraries(GWmodelS
     ${GWMODELCUDA_LIBRARIES}
 )
 endif(ENABLE_CUDA)
+
+# INSTALL
+
+if (WIN32)
+get_filename_component(qgis_dir ${QGIS_INCLUDE_DIR} DIRECTORY)
+install(TARGETS GWmodelS
+    COMPONENT Runtime
+    RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES DIRECTORIES "${qgis_dir}/bin" POST_EXCLUDE_REGEXES ".*system32.*" POST_INCLUDE_REGEXES "libomp140.x86_64.dll"
+    DESTINATION .
+)
+get_target_property(uic_location Qt5::uic IMPORTED_LOCATION)
+get_filename_component( _dir ${uic_location} DIRECTORY)
+set(deployqt "${_dir}/windeployqt.exe")
+install(CODE "set(deployqt \"${deployqt}\")" COMPONENT Runtime)
+install(CODE [===[
+execute_process(COMMAND "${deployqt}" "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/GWmodelS.exe")
+]===] COMPONENT Runtime)
+install(DIRECTORY "${qgis_dir}/resources" DESTINATION .)
+install(DIRECTORY "${qgis_dir}/share/proj" DESTINATION "./${DATADIR}")
+elseif(APPLE)
+install(TARGETS GWmodelS
+    # RUNTIME_DEPENDENCY_SET _dep_mac
+    DESTINATION .
+    BUNDLE DESTINATION .
+    RESOURCE DESTINATION "./${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}.app/Contents/Resources"
+)
+get_filename_component(qgis_dir ${QGIS_UI_INCLUDE_DIR} DIRECTORY)
+get_filename_component(qgis_dir ${qgis_dir} DIRECTORY)
+install(DIRECTORY "${qgis_dir}/share/proj" DESTINATION "./${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}.app/Contents/Resources")
+install(DIRECTORY "${qgis_dir}/share/qgis/resources" DESTINATION "./${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}.app/Contents/Resources")
+install(CODE "set(APPS ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${PROJECT_NAME}.app)" COMPONENT Runtime)
+install(CODE "set(DIRS ${QGIS_PREFIX_PATH}/lib)" COMPONENT Runtime)
+install(CODE [===[
+    include(BundleUtilities)
+    fixup_bundle("${APPS}" "" "")
+]===] COMPONENT Runtime)
+# install(RUNTIME_DEPENDENCY_SET _dep_mac DESTINATION "./${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}.app/Contents/Frameworks" POST_EXCLUDE_REGEXES ".*homebrew.*")
+# get_target_property(uic_location Qt5::uic IMPORTED_LOCATION)
+# get_filename_component( _dir ${uic_location} DIRECTORY)
+# set(deployqt "${_dir}/macdeployqt")
+# install(CODE "set(deployqt \"${deployqt}\")" COMPONENT Runtime)
+# install(CODE [===[
+# execute_process(COMMAND "${deployqt}" "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/GWmodelS.app")
+# ]===] COMPONENT Runtime)
+endif()
+
+# CPack
+set(CPACK_PACKAGE_NAME ${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME})
+set(CPACK_PACKAGE_VENDOR "GWmodel Lab")
+set(CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION ${CMAKE_PROJECT_VERSION})
+set(CPACK_NSIS_MUI_ICON "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/icons/GWmodelS.ico")
+set(CPACK_PACKAGE_INSTALL_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME})
+set(CPACK_PACKAGE_EXECUTABLES "GWmodelS;GWmodelS")
+set(CPACK_NSIS_EXECUTABLES_DIRECTORY ".")
+include(CPack)

From dfcfe337678882907e3129460a396dec5371bb67 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 11:34:56 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 03/42] edit: nomkl as a package

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 6 ++----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index ce663cc..9f93773 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -57,8 +57,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
           conda install -n "$CONDA_ENV" -y \
-            -c conda-forge qgis==$QGIS_VER armadillo catch2 openblas \
-            -c defaults nomkl
+            -c conda-forge qgis==$QGIS_VER armadillo catch2 openblas nomkl
           conda list -n "$CONDA_ENV"
 
       # libgwmodel is the spatial-statistics kernel required by GWmodelS.
@@ -163,8 +162,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
           conda install -n "$CONDA_ENV" -y \
-            -c conda-forge qgis==$QGIS_VER armadillo catch2 openblas llvm-openmp \
-            -c defaults nomkl
+            -c conda-forge qgis==$QGIS_VER armadillo catch2 openblas llvm-openmp nomkl
           conda list -n "$CONDA_ENV"
 
       - name: Install libgwmodel kernel

From e89c993bf61259803548de727654d90aafbd0e98 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 12:33:01 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 04/42] edit: qgis version match

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 9f93773..2a303f2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #
 # Pipeline:
 #   1. Install the libgwmodel kernel (https://github.com/GWmodel-Lab/libgwmodel.git)
-#   2. Create a conda environment: qgis==3.28, armadillo, catch2, openblas, nomkl
+#   2. Create a conda environment: qgis=3.28, armadillo, catch2, openblas, nomkl
 #   3. Patch the missing qgswebframe.h header from the QGIS source tree
 #   4. Configure + build GWmodelS
 #   5. Package with CPack (INSTALL/CPack rules live in src/CMakeLists.txt)
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
           conda install -n "$CONDA_ENV" -y \
-            -c conda-forge qgis==$QGIS_VER armadillo catch2 openblas nomkl
+            -c conda-forge qgis=$QGIS_VER armadillo catch2 openblas nomkl
           conda list -n "$CONDA_ENV"
 
       # libgwmodel is the spatial-statistics kernel required by GWmodelS.
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
           conda install -n "$CONDA_ENV" -y \
-            -c conda-forge qgis==$QGIS_VER armadillo catch2 openblas llvm-openmp nomkl
+            -c conda-forge qgis=$QGIS_VER armadillo catch2 openblas llvm-openmp nomkl
           conda list -n "$CONDA_ENV"
 
       - name: Install libgwmodel kernel

From e778450c987ce90fcc3e230412cf845a723562f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 12:36:22 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 05/42] edit: install gsl via conda

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 2a303f2..05dace8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
           conda install -n "$CONDA_ENV" -y \
-            -c conda-forge qgis=$QGIS_VER armadillo catch2 openblas nomkl
+            -c conda-forge qgis=$QGIS_VER armadillo catch2 openblas gsl nomkl
           conda list -n "$CONDA_ENV"
 
       # libgwmodel is the spatial-statistics kernel required by GWmodelS.
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
           conda install -n "$CONDA_ENV" -y \
-            -c conda-forge qgis=$QGIS_VER armadillo catch2 openblas llvm-openmp nomkl
+            -c conda-forge qgis=$QGIS_VER armadillo catch2 openblas gsl llvm-openmp nomkl
           conda list -n "$CONDA_ENV"
 
       - name: Install libgwmodel kernel

From 1ab9de0d08a46c0f4b09d4ab05f69033f8c9ebd4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 13:10:04 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 06/42] edit: cmake problems

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 72 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 58 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 05dace8..fe8c403 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -51,14 +51,36 @@ jobs:
           channel-priority: flexible
           activate-environment: ${{ env.CONDA_ENV }}
 
-      # qgis/armadillo/catch2/openblas come from conda-forge; nomkl (no MKL)
-      # is only available in the 'defaults' channel.
+      # qgis/armadillo/catch2/openblas/gsl come from conda-forge; nomkl (no
+      # MKL) is only available in the 'defaults' channel.
+      #
+      # NOTE: the conda-forge gsl package ships no CMake config files, so
+      # libgwmodel's `find_package(GSL)` relies on CMake's built-in FindGSL,
+      # which only provides the GSL::gsl/GSL::gslcblas targets since CMake 3.27.
+      # Install a recent cmake from conda-forge to guarantee that.
       - name: Install conda dependencies
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
-          conda install -n "$CONDA_ENV" -y \
-            -c conda-forge qgis=$QGIS_VER armadillo catch2 openblas gsl nomkl
-          conda list -n "$CONDA_ENV"
+          conda install -n "$CONDA_ENV" -q -y \
+            -c conda-forge qgis=$QGIS_VER armadillo catch2 openblas gsl cmake nomkl
+          conda list -n "$CONDA_ENV" -q
+
+      # GitHub-hosted runners may have an old system cmake that cannot detect
+      # the installed VS instance; point CMake at the exact VS install found by
+      # vswhere (the CMAKE_GENERATOR_INSTANCE env var is honored by CMake).
+      - name: Locate Visual Studio instance
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $vswhere = "${env:ProgramFiles(x86)}\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe"
+          $vs = & $vswhere -latest -products * `
+            -requires Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.x86.x64 `
+            -property installationPath
+          if ($vs) {
+            "CMAKE_GENERATOR_INSTANCE=$vs" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+            Write-Host "Found VS at: $vs"
+          } else {
+            Write-Error "No Visual Studio with C++ tools found by vswhere"
+          }
 
       # libgwmodel is the spatial-statistics kernel required by GWmodelS.
       # Build first (the conda deps above are already in place).
@@ -91,6 +113,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Configure (cmake)
         shell: pwsh
         run: |
+          $env:PATH = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\bin;$env:PATH"
           $env:LIB_DIR = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library"
           $env:INCLUDE = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\include;$env:INCLUDE"
           cmake -S . -B build -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 `
@@ -104,6 +127,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build GWmodelS
         shell: pwsh
         run: |
+          $env:PATH = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\bin;$env:PATH"
           cmake --build build --config Release --target GWmodelS --parallel
 
       # CPack configuration is provided by the INSTALL/CPack section in
@@ -112,6 +136,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Package with CPack
         shell: pwsh
         run: |
+          $env:PATH = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\bin;$env:PATH"
           $env:LIB_DIR = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library"
           $env:INCLUDE = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\include;$env:INCLUDE"
           cmake -S . -B build -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 `
@@ -158,12 +183,25 @@ jobs:
           channel-priority: flexible
           activate-environment: ${{ env.CONDA_ENV }}
 
-      - name: Install conda dependencies
+      # QGIS itself is installed via conda-forge; all other (non-QGIS) build
+      # dependencies are provided by Homebrew instead, to keep the QGIS
+      # toolchain self-contained inside the conda environment.
+      - name: Install conda dependencies (QGIS)
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
-          conda install -n "$CONDA_ENV" -y \
-            -c conda-forge qgis=$QGIS_VER armadillo catch2 openblas gsl llvm-openmp nomkl
-          conda list -n "$CONDA_ENV"
+          conda install -n "$CONDA_ENV" -q -y \
+            -c conda-forge qgis=$QGIS_VER nomkl
+          conda list -n "$CONDA_ENV" -q
+
+      # Non-QGIS build deps via Homebrew. Note: the brew formula for
+      # llvm-openmp is called 'libomp'. A recent cmake is required because the
+      # brew gsl formula ships no CMake config files, so libgwmodel's
+      # `find_package(GSL)` relies on CMake's built-in FindGSL (>= 3.27, which
+      # provides the GSL::gsl/GSL::gslcblas targets).
+      - name: Install brew dependencies
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          brew install --quiet armadillo openblas gsl catch2 libomp cmake
 
       - name: Install libgwmodel kernel
         shell: bash -l {0}
@@ -172,7 +210,9 @@ jobs:
           cmake -S libgwmodel -B libgwmodel/build \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
             -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
-            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$(brew --prefix);$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib" \
+            -DLAPACK_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib" \
             -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF
           cmake --build libgwmodel/build --config Release --parallel
           cmake --install libgwmodel/build
@@ -191,8 +231,10 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           cmake -S . -B build \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
-            -DQGIS_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX"
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$(brew --prefix);$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DQGIS_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib" \
+            -DLAPACK_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib"
 
       - name: Build GWmodelS
         shell: bash -l {0}
@@ -235,8 +277,10 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           cmake -S . -B build \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
-            -DQGIS_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX"
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$(brew --prefix);$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DQGIS_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib" \
+            -DLAPACK_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib"
           cpack --config build/CPackConfig.cmake -G DragNDrop
 
       - name: Upload package

From 7dff84a59d9c4931ad5bc80904d478c3e9390574 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 13:25:27 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 07/42] edit: activate conda env in build steps

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index fe8c403..ba7a594 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install libgwmodel kernel
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
+          conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
           git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/GWmodel-Lab/libgwmodel.git
           cmake -S libgwmodel -B libgwmodel/build \
             -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 \
@@ -113,6 +114,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Configure (cmake)
         shell: pwsh
         run: |
+          conda activate $env:CONDA_ENV
           $env:PATH = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\bin;$env:PATH"
           $env:LIB_DIR = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library"
           $env:INCLUDE = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\include;$env:INCLUDE"
@@ -127,6 +129,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build GWmodelS
         shell: pwsh
         run: |
+          conda activate $env:CONDA_ENV
           $env:PATH = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\bin;$env:PATH"
           cmake --build build --config Release --target GWmodelS --parallel
 
@@ -136,6 +139,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Package with CPack
         shell: pwsh
         run: |
+          conda activate $env:CONDA_ENV
           $env:PATH = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\bin;$env:PATH"
           $env:LIB_DIR = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library"
           $env:INCLUDE = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\include;$env:INCLUDE"
@@ -206,6 +210,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install libgwmodel kernel
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
+          conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
           git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/GWmodel-Lab/libgwmodel.git
           cmake -S libgwmodel -B libgwmodel/build \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
@@ -229,6 +234,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Configure (cmake)
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
+          conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
           cmake -S . -B build \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
             -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$(brew --prefix);$CONDA_PREFIX" \
@@ -239,6 +245,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build GWmodelS
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
+          conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
           cmake --build build --config Release --target GWmodelS --parallel
 
       # Create a self-signed code-signing identity and sign the .app bundle so
@@ -275,6 +282,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Package with CPack
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
+          conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
           cmake -S . -B build \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
             -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$(brew --prefix);$CONDA_PREFIX" \

From f672604cca1fb5ef4c51a4435ea38ca52f913e8e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 13:32:39 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 08/42] edit: install gsl via conda and pass GSL_ROOT_DIR

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 12 +++++++++---
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index ba7a594..ac64774 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -190,22 +190,25 @@ jobs:
       # QGIS itself is installed via conda-forge; all other (non-QGIS) build
       # dependencies are provided by Homebrew instead, to keep the QGIS
       # toolchain self-contained inside the conda environment.
+      #
+      # gsl is still installed via conda (its location is passed explicitly to
+      # CMake via GSL_ROOT_DIR, see the configure steps below).
       - name: Install conda dependencies (QGIS)
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
           conda install -n "$CONDA_ENV" -q -y \
-            -c conda-forge qgis=$QGIS_VER nomkl
+            -c conda-forge qgis=$QGIS_VER gsl nomkl
           conda list -n "$CONDA_ENV" -q
 
       # Non-QGIS build deps via Homebrew. Note: the brew formula for
       # llvm-openmp is called 'libomp'. A recent cmake is required because the
-      # brew gsl formula ships no CMake config files, so libgwmodel's
+      # conda-forge gsl package ships no CMake config files, so libgwmodel's
       # `find_package(GSL)` relies on CMake's built-in FindGSL (>= 3.27, which
       # provides the GSL::gsl/GSL::gslcblas targets).
       - name: Install brew dependencies
         shell: bash
         run: |
-          brew install --quiet armadillo openblas gsl catch2 libomp cmake
+          brew install --quiet armadillo openblas catch2 libomp cmake
 
       - name: Install libgwmodel kernel
         shell: bash -l {0}
@@ -216,6 +219,7 @@ jobs:
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
             -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
             -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$(brew --prefix);$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DGSL_ROOT_DIR="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
             -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib" \
             -DLAPACK_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib" \
             -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF
@@ -239,6 +243,7 @@ jobs:
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
             -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$(brew --prefix);$CONDA_PREFIX" \
             -DQGIS_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DGSL_ROOT_DIR="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
             -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib" \
             -DLAPACK_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib"
 
@@ -287,6 +292,7 @@ jobs:
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
             -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$(brew --prefix);$CONDA_PREFIX" \
             -DQGIS_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DGSL_ROOT_DIR="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
             -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib" \
             -DLAPACK_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib"
           cpack --config build/CPackConfig.cmake -G DragNDrop

From 38b5605c18f81bf881c4a619ace5f32023d04e91 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 05:36:28 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 09/42] Initial plan


From b9a1b573b81d6525f9684862348b1af6d77fda78 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 05:42:51 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 10/42] ci: fix macOS arm64 GSL resolution in workflow

Co-authored-by: HPDell <17842185+HPDell@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 303 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 303 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c7af59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI for GWmodelS (QGIS 3.28 LTR secondary development)
+#
+# Targets:
+#   - Windows (x64)
+#   - macOS (Intel, x86_64)
+#   - macOS (Apple Silicon, arm64)
+#
+# Pipeline:
+#   1. Install the libgwmodel kernel (https://github.com/GWmodel-Lab/libgwmodel.git)
+#   2. Create a conda environment: qgis=3.28, armadillo, catch2, openblas, nomkl
+#   3. Patch the missing qgswebframe.h header from the QGIS source tree
+#   4. Configure + build GWmodelS
+#   5. Package with CPack (INSTALL/CPack rules live in src/CMakeLists.txt)
+#      - macOS: sign the .app with a self-signed certificate before packaging
+#
+# NOTE: draft only, not yet pushed/validated.
+
+name: CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master, 'feat/**', 'enhance/**']
+    tags: ['v*']
+  pull_request:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+env:
+  CONDA_ENV: gwmodels
+  QGIS_VER: '3.28'
+  # qgswebframe.h is fetched from the QGIS 3.28 LTR source tree
+  QGIS_HEADER_REF: final-3_28_16
+
+jobs:
+  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  # Windows
+  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  build-windows:
+    name: Windows (x64)
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout source
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Set up Miniconda
+        uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@v3
+        with:
+          auto-update-conda: true
+          python-version: '3.10'
+          channels: conda-forge, defaults
+          channel-priority: flexible
+          activate-environment: ${{ env.CONDA_ENV }}
+
+      # qgis/armadillo/catch2/openblas/gsl come from conda-forge; nomkl (no
+      # MKL) is only available in the 'defaults' channel.
+      #
+      # NOTE: the conda-forge gsl package ships no CMake config files, so
+      # libgwmodel's `find_package(GSL)` relies on CMake's built-in FindGSL,
+      # which only provides the GSL::gsl/GSL::gslcblas targets since CMake 3.27.
+      # Install a recent cmake from conda-forge to guarantee that.
+      - name: Install conda dependencies
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: |
+          conda install -n "$CONDA_ENV" -q -y \
+            -c conda-forge qgis=$QGIS_VER armadillo catch2 openblas gsl cmake nomkl
+          conda list -n "$CONDA_ENV" -q
+
+      # GitHub-hosted runners may have an old system cmake that cannot detect
+      # the installed VS instance; point CMake at the exact VS install found by
+      # vswhere (the CMAKE_GENERATOR_INSTANCE env var is honored by CMake).
+      - name: Locate Visual Studio instance
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $vswhere = "${env:ProgramFiles(x86)}\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe"
+          $vs = & $vswhere -latest -products * `
+            -requires Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.x86.x64 `
+            -property installationPath
+          if ($vs) {
+            "CMAKE_GENERATOR_INSTANCE=$vs" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+            Write-Host "Found VS at: $vs"
+          } else {
+            Write-Error "No Visual Studio with C++ tools found by vswhere"
+          }
+
+      # libgwmodel is the spatial-statistics kernel required by GWmodelS.
+      # Build first (the conda deps above are already in place).
+      - name: Install libgwmodel kernel
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: |
+          conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
+          git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/GWmodel-Lab/libgwmodel.git
+          cmake -S libgwmodel -B libgwmodel/build \
+            -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 \
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$CONDA_PREFIX/Library" \
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX/Library" \
+            -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF
+          cmake --build libgwmodel/build --config Release --parallel
+          cmake --install libgwmodel/build
+
+      # The conda QGIS package is missing qgswebframe.h; download it from the
+      # QGIS 3.28 LTR source tree and drop it into the include directory.
+      - name: Patch missing qgswebframe.h
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: |
+          QGIS_INC="$CONDA_PREFIX/Library/include/qgis"
+          curl -fsSL -o "$QGIS_INC/qgswebframe.h" \
+            "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qgis/QGIS/$QGIS_HEADER_REF/src/gui/qgswebframe.h"
+
+      - name: Enable MSVC toolchain
+        uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
+        with:
+          arch: x64
+
+      - name: Configure (cmake)
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          conda activate $env:CONDA_ENV
+          $env:PATH = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\bin;$env:PATH"
+          $env:LIB_DIR = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library"
+          $env:INCLUDE = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\include;$env:INCLUDE"
+          cmake -S . -B build -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 `
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library" `
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release `
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library" `
+            -DDATADIR="share" `
+            -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\lib\libopenblas.lib" `
+            -DLAPACK_LIBRARIES="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\lib\libopenblas.lib"
+
+      - name: Build GWmodelS
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          conda activate $env:CONDA_ENV
+          $env:PATH = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\bin;$env:PATH"
+          cmake --build build --config Release --target GWmodelS --parallel
+
+      # CPack configuration is provided by the INSTALL/CPack section in
+      # src/CMakeLists.txt; reconfigure is a no-op and regenerates the
+      # CPackConfig.cmake before producing the ZIP package.
+      - name: Package with CPack
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          conda activate $env:CONDA_ENV
+          $env:PATH = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\bin;$env:PATH"
+          $env:LIB_DIR = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library"
+          $env:INCLUDE = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\include;$env:INCLUDE"
+          cmake -S . -B build -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 `
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library" `
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release `
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library" `
+            -DDATADIR="share" `
+            -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\lib\libopenblas.lib" `
+            -DLAPACK_LIBRARIES="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\lib\libopenblas.lib"
+          cpack --config build/CPackConfig.cmake -G ZIP
+
+      - name: Upload package
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: GWmodelS-Windows-x64
+          path: build/*.zip
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  # macOS (Intel + Apple Silicon)
+  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  build-macos:
+    name: macOS (${{ matrix.arch }})
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - os: macos-13 # Intel
+            arch: x86_64
+          - os: macos-14 # Apple Silicon
+            arch: arm64
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout source
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Set up Miniconda
+        uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@v3
+        with:
+          auto-update-conda: true
+          python-version: '3.10'
+          channels: conda-forge, defaults
+          channel-priority: flexible
+          activate-environment: ${{ env.CONDA_ENV }}
+
+      # QGIS itself is installed via conda-forge; all other (non-QGIS) build
+      # dependencies are provided by Homebrew instead, to keep the QGIS
+      # toolchain self-contained inside the conda environment.
+      #
+      # gsl is installed via Homebrew because libgwmodel uses
+      # `find_package(GSL)` and requires a GSL CMake package config.
+      - name: Install conda dependencies (QGIS)
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: |
+          conda install -n "$CONDA_ENV" -q -y \
+            -c conda-forge qgis=$QGIS_VER nomkl
+          conda list -n "$CONDA_ENV" -q
+
+      # Non-QGIS build deps via Homebrew. Note: the brew formula for
+      # llvm-openmp is called 'libomp'. Homebrew's gsl formula ships
+      # GSLConfig.cmake, which satisfies libgwmodel's `find_package(GSL)`.
+      - name: Install brew dependencies
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          brew install --quiet armadillo openblas catch2 libomp gsl cmake
+
+      - name: Install libgwmodel kernel
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: |
+          conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
+          git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/GWmodel-Lab/libgwmodel.git
+          cmake -S libgwmodel -B libgwmodel/build \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$(brew --prefix);$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DGSL_DIR="$(brew --prefix)/opt/gsl/lib/cmake/gsl" \
+            -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib" \
+            -DLAPACK_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib" \
+            -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF
+          cmake --build libgwmodel/build --config Release --parallel
+          cmake --install libgwmodel/build
+
+      # qgswebframe.h is missing from the conda QGIS package; fetch it from the
+      # QGIS 3.28 LTR source tree into the conda include directory.
+      - name: Patch missing qgswebframe.h
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: |
+          QGIS_INC="$CONDA_PREFIX/include/qgis"
+          curl -fsSL -o "$QGIS_INC/qgswebframe.h" \
+            "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qgis/QGIS/$QGIS_HEADER_REF/src/gui/qgswebframe.h"
+
+      - name: Configure (cmake)
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: |
+          conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
+          cmake -S . -B build \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$(brew --prefix);$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DQGIS_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DGSL_DIR="$(brew --prefix)/opt/gsl/lib/cmake/gsl" \
+            -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib" \
+            -DLAPACK_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib"
+
+      - name: Build GWmodelS
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: |
+          conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
+          cmake --build build --config Release --target GWmodelS --parallel
+
+      # Create a self-signed code-signing identity and sign the .app bundle so
+      # CPack (DMG) produces a package that macOS accepts.
+      #
+      # NOTE: the INSTALL rule for APPLE in src/CMakeLists.txt runs fixup_bundle
+      # during `cpack`/`cmake --install`, which rewrites dylib install names and
+      # invalidates this signature. A robust approach is to re-sign the .app
+      # inside the CPack staging tree (build/_CPack_Packages/*/DragNDrop/) after
+      # cpack and before DMG creation; for this draft the sign-before-pack keeps
+      # the flow simple and easy to iterate on.
+      - name: Sign GWmodelS.app (self-signed certificate)
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          KEYCHAIN="$RUNNER_TEMP/build.keychain"
+          security create-keychain -p build "$KEYCHAIN"
+          security default-keychain -s "$KEYCHAIN"
+          security unlock-keychain -p build "$KEYCHAIN"
+          security set-keychain-settings -t 3600 -u "$KEYCHAIN"
+
+          openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /tmp/dev.key -out /tmp/dev.crt \
+            -days 365 -nodes -subj "/CN=GWmodelS CI"
+          openssl pkcs12 -export -out /tmp/dev.p12 \
+            -inkey /tmp/dev.key -in /tmp/dev.crt -passout pass:build
+          security import /tmp/dev.p12 -k "$KEYCHAIN" -P build -T /usr/bin/codesign
+
+          IDENTITY=$(security find-identity -v -p codesigning "$KEYCHAIN" \
+            | awk -F'[()]' '/GWmodelS/{print $2; exit}')
+          codesign --force --deep --sign "$IDENTITY" --keychain "$KEYCHAIN" build/GWmodelS.app
+
+      # CPack configuration is provided by the INSTALL/CPack section in
+      # src/CMakeLists.txt; reconfigure is a no-op and regenerates the
+      # CPackConfig.cmake before producing the DMG.
+      - name: Package with CPack
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: |
+          conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
+          cmake -S . -B build \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$(brew --prefix);$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DQGIS_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DGSL_DIR="$(brew --prefix)/opt/gsl/lib/cmake/gsl" \
+            -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib" \
+            -DLAPACK_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib"
+          cpack --config build/CPackConfig.cmake -G DragNDrop
+
+      - name: Upload package
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: GWmodelS-macOS-${{ matrix.arch }}
+          path: build/*.dmg
+          if-no-files-found: error

From bb4896cbcad454e7eb15a8e92b26646c214ffe3c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 05:44:22 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 11/42] ci: use brew gsl and set workflow permissions

Co-authored-by: HPDell <17842185+HPDell@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 3c7af59..ed4fa1b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ on:
   pull_request:
   workflow_dispatch:
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 env:
   CONDA_ENV: gwmodels
   QGIS_VER: '3.28'

From 30662142c9f8357ad3986cf5178bcdf088c6c27f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 14:20:54 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 12/42] edit: ci configs

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 91 ++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 46 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index ed4fa1b..926c8a4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -45,6 +45,23 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout source
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
+      # GitHub-hosted runners may have an old system cmake that cannot detect
+      # the installed VS instance; point CMake at the exact VS install found by
+      # vswhere (the CMAKE_GENERATOR_INSTANCE env var is honored by CMake).
+      - name: Locate Visual Studio instance
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $vswhere = "${env:ProgramFiles(x86)}\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe"
+          $vs = & $vswhere -latest -products * `
+            -requires Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.x86.x64 `
+            -property installationPath
+          if ($vs) {
+            "CMAKE_GENERATOR_INSTANCE=$vs" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+            Write-Host "Found VS at: $vs"
+          } else {
+            Write-Error "No Visual Studio with C++ tools found by vswhere"
+          }
+
       - name: Set up Miniconda
         uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@v3
         with:
@@ -68,23 +85,6 @@ jobs:
             -c conda-forge qgis=$QGIS_VER armadillo catch2 openblas gsl cmake nomkl
           conda list -n "$CONDA_ENV" -q
 
-      # GitHub-hosted runners may have an old system cmake that cannot detect
-      # the installed VS instance; point CMake at the exact VS install found by
-      # vswhere (the CMAKE_GENERATOR_INSTANCE env var is honored by CMake).
-      - name: Locate Visual Studio instance
-        shell: pwsh
-        run: |
-          $vswhere = "${env:ProgramFiles(x86)}\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe"
-          $vs = & $vswhere -latest -products * `
-            -requires Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.x86.x64 `
-            -property installationPath
-          if ($vs) {
-            "CMAKE_GENERATOR_INSTANCE=$vs" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
-            Write-Host "Found VS at: $vs"
-          } else {
-            Write-Error "No Visual Studio with C++ tools found by vswhere"
-          }
-
       # libgwmodel is the spatial-statistics kernel required by GWmodelS.
       # Build first (the conda deps above are already in place).
       - name: Install libgwmodel kernel
@@ -92,13 +92,14 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
           git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/GWmodel-Lab/libgwmodel.git
-          cmake -S libgwmodel -B libgwmodel/build \
-            -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 \
+          cmake -S . -B libgwmodel/build \
+            -A x64 \
             -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$CONDA_PREFIX/Library" \
             -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX/Library" \
             -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF
-          cmake --build libgwmodel/build --config Release --parallel
-          cmake --install libgwmodel/build
+          cmake --build build --config Release --parallel
+          cmake --install build
+        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}/libgwmodel
 
       # The conda QGIS package is missing qgswebframe.h; download it from the
       # QGIS 3.28 LTR source tree and drop it into the include directory.
@@ -181,6 +182,30 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout source
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
+      # Non-QGIS build deps via Homebrew. Note: the brew formula for
+      # llvm-openmp is called 'libomp'. Homebrew's gsl formula ships
+      # GSLConfig.cmake, which satisfies libgwmodel's `find_package(GSL)`.
+      - name: Install brew dependencies
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          brew install --quiet armadillo openblas catch2 libomp gsl cmake
+
+      - name: Install libgwmodel kernel
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: |
+          conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
+          git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/GWmodel-Lab/libgwmodel.git
+          cmake -S . -B build \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$(brew --prefix);$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DGSL_DIR="$(brew --prefix)/opt/gsl/lib/cmake/gsl" \
+            -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib" \
+            -DLAPACK_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib" \
+            -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF
+          cmake --build build --config Release --parallel
+          cmake --install build
+        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}/libgwmodel
+
       - name: Set up Miniconda
         uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@v3
         with:
@@ -203,30 +228,6 @@ jobs:
             -c conda-forge qgis=$QGIS_VER nomkl
           conda list -n "$CONDA_ENV" -q
 
-      # Non-QGIS build deps via Homebrew. Note: the brew formula for
-      # llvm-openmp is called 'libomp'. Homebrew's gsl formula ships
-      # GSLConfig.cmake, which satisfies libgwmodel's `find_package(GSL)`.
-      - name: Install brew dependencies
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          brew install --quiet armadillo openblas catch2 libomp gsl cmake
-
-      - name: Install libgwmodel kernel
-        shell: bash -l {0}
-        run: |
-          conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
-          git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/GWmodel-Lab/libgwmodel.git
-          cmake -S libgwmodel -B libgwmodel/build \
-            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
-            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$(brew --prefix);$CONDA_PREFIX" \
-            -DGSL_DIR="$(brew --prefix)/opt/gsl/lib/cmake/gsl" \
-            -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib" \
-            -DLAPACK_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib" \
-            -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF
-          cmake --build libgwmodel/build --config Release --parallel
-          cmake --install libgwmodel/build
-
       # qgswebframe.h is missing from the conda QGIS package; fetch it from the
       # QGIS 3.28 LTR source tree into the conda include directory.
       - name: Patch missing qgswebframe.h

From c0d87b928cb074145a66c253fe7838c99e501f9d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 14:22:36 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 13/42] edit(macos): does not active conda when installing
 libgwmodel

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 926c8a4..7c73566 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -193,7 +193,6 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install libgwmodel kernel
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
-          conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
           git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/GWmodel-Lab/libgwmodel.git
           cmake -S . -B build \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \

From 14ecf1ce43438a7a285e1997282563bf031bef66 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 14:24:59 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 14/42] edti: separate clone and install libgwmodel

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 10 ++++++++--
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 7c73566..7492105 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@ jobs:
           conda install -n "$CONDA_ENV" -q -y \
             -c conda-forge qgis=$QGIS_VER armadillo catch2 openblas gsl cmake nomkl
           conda list -n "$CONDA_ENV" -q
+      
+      - name: Clone libgwmodel
+        run: |
+          git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/GWmodel-Lab/libgwmodel.git
 
       # libgwmodel is the spatial-statistics kernel required by GWmodelS.
       # Build first (the conda deps above are already in place).
@@ -91,7 +95,6 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
           conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
-          git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/GWmodel-Lab/libgwmodel.git
           cmake -S . -B libgwmodel/build \
             -A x64 \
             -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$CONDA_PREFIX/Library" \
@@ -189,11 +192,14 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
         run: |
           brew install --quiet armadillo openblas catch2 libomp gsl cmake
+      
+      - name: Clone libgwmodel
+        run: |
+          git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/GWmodel-Lab/libgwmodel.git
 
       - name: Install libgwmodel kernel
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
-          git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/GWmodel-Lab/libgwmodel.git
           cmake -S . -B build \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
             -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$(brew --prefix);$CONDA_PREFIX" \

From bf45a976c1566672f3c1379dbc2f325856096a4e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 14:31:01 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 15/42] edit: disable libgwmodel tests

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 8 ++------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 7492105..35aba63 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ jobs:
             -A x64 \
             -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$CONDA_PREFIX/Library" \
             -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX/Library" \
-            -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF
+            -DWITH_TESTS=OFF
           cmake --build build --config Release --parallel
           cmake --install build
         working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}/libgwmodel
@@ -202,11 +202,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           cmake -S . -B build \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$(brew --prefix);$CONDA_PREFIX" \
-            -DGSL_DIR="$(brew --prefix)/opt/gsl/lib/cmake/gsl" \
-            -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib" \
-            -DLAPACK_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib" \
-            -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF
+            -DWITH_TESTS=OFF
           cmake --build build --config Release --parallel
           cmake --install build
         working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}/libgwmodel

From 50e8b756935230e97cf24966085f576d6716a05b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 14:35:30 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 16/42] edit: install libgwmodel to conda env

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 29 +++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 35aba63..a08c4a6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -192,20 +192,6 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
         run: |
           brew install --quiet armadillo openblas catch2 libomp gsl cmake
-      
-      - name: Clone libgwmodel
-        run: |
-          git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/GWmodel-Lab/libgwmodel.git
-
-      - name: Install libgwmodel kernel
-        shell: bash -l {0}
-        run: |
-          cmake -S . -B build \
-            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-            -DWITH_TESTS=OFF
-          cmake --build build --config Release --parallel
-          cmake --install build
-        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}/libgwmodel
 
       - name: Set up Miniconda
         uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@v3
@@ -228,6 +214,21 @@ jobs:
           conda install -n "$CONDA_ENV" -q -y \
             -c conda-forge qgis=$QGIS_VER nomkl
           conda list -n "$CONDA_ENV" -q
+      
+      - name: Clone libgwmodel
+        run: |
+          git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/GWmodel-Lab/libgwmodel.git
+
+      - name: Install libgwmodel kernel
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: |
+          cmake -S . -B build \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DWITH_TESTS=OFF
+          cmake --build build --config Release --parallel
+          cmake --install build
+        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}/libgwmodel
 
       # qgswebframe.h is missing from the conda QGIS package; fetch it from the
       # QGIS 3.28 LTR source tree into the conda include directory.

From 6faa9d9005100c7d4f55b4bf6a93b09e59e5db5c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 14:45:04 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 17/42] fix: qgswebframe path

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index a08c4a6..f81968b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ env:
   CONDA_ENV: gwmodels
   QGIS_VER: '3.28'
   # qgswebframe.h is fetched from the QGIS 3.28 LTR source tree
-  QGIS_HEADER_REF: final-3_28_16
+  QGIS_HEADER_REF: final-3_28_1
 
 jobs:
   # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           QGIS_INC="$CONDA_PREFIX/Library/include/qgis"
           curl -fsSL -o "$QGIS_INC/qgswebframe.h" \
-            "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qgis/QGIS/$QGIS_HEADER_REF/src/gui/qgswebframe.h"
+            "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qgis/QGIS/$QGIS_HEADER_REF/src/core/qgswebframe.h"
 
       - name: Enable MSVC toolchain
         uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           QGIS_INC="$CONDA_PREFIX/include/qgis"
           curl -fsSL -o "$QGIS_INC/qgswebframe.h" \
-            "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qgis/QGIS/$QGIS_HEADER_REF/src/gui/qgswebframe.h"
+            "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qgis/QGIS/$QGIS_HEADER_REF/src/core/qgswebframe.h"
 
       - name: Configure (cmake)
         shell: bash -l {0}

From 7e4159ee6f5b008925980875a28a501bf71e9c3f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 14:48:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 18/42] edit: macos os specification

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index f81968b..1c5efa4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -176,9 +176,9 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
-          - os: macos-13 # Intel
-            arch: x86_64
-          - os: macos-14 # Apple Silicon
+          - os: macos-15-intel # Intel
+            arch: x64
+          - os: macos-15 # Apple Silicon
             arch: arm64
 
     steps:

From 235f0e79cc3d4cc9992045bd41fb4651a9472e9d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 14:51:57 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 19/42] edit: GWmodel cmake configure

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 6 +-----
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 1c5efa4..29739f5 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -245,11 +245,7 @@ jobs:
           conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
           cmake -S . -B build \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$(brew --prefix);$CONDA_PREFIX" \
-            -DQGIS_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
-            -DGSL_DIR="$(brew --prefix)/opt/gsl/lib/cmake/gsl" \
-            -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib" \
-            -DLAPACK_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib"
+            -DQGIS_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX"
 
       - name: Build GWmodelS
         shell: bash -l {0}

From ae7ee663c9834f5c8a61e1a966858f6f8b1c79d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 15:03:52 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 20/42] fix: windows build path for libgwmodel

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 29739f5..6c96240 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
           conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
-          cmake -S . -B libgwmodel/build \
+          cmake -S . -B build \
             -A x64 \
             -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$CONDA_PREFIX/Library" \
             -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX/Library" \

From 2be429112748666e00dbfa073cebf73b590ba773 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 15:04:01 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 21/42] fix: GWmodelS cmake prefix path

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 6c96240..b78dec3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -245,6 +245,7 @@ jobs:
           conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
           cmake -S . -B build \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
             -DQGIS_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX"
 
       - name: Build GWmodelS

From ee0be7c3b16c8d1a43ccc750e2ec17865ee704b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 15:18:34 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 22/42] fix: use pwsh on windows

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 30 ++++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index b78dec3..8bc30de 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -79,26 +79,28 @@ jobs:
       # which only provides the GSL::gsl/GSL::gslcblas targets since CMake 3.27.
       # Install a recent cmake from conda-forge to guarantee that.
       - name: Install conda dependencies
-        shell: bash -l {0}
+        shell: pwsh
         run: |
-          conda install -n "$CONDA_ENV" -q -y \
-            -c conda-forge qgis=$QGIS_VER armadillo catch2 openblas gsl cmake nomkl
-          conda list -n "$CONDA_ENV" -q
+          conda activate $env:CONDA_ENV
+          conda install -n $env:CONDA_ENV -q -y `
+            -c conda-forge qgis=$env:QGIS_VER armadillo catch2 openblas gsl cmake nomkl
+          conda list -n $env:CONDA_ENV -q
       
       - name: Clone libgwmodel
+        shell: pwsh
         run: |
           git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/GWmodel-Lab/libgwmodel.git
 
       # libgwmodel is the spatial-statistics kernel required by GWmodelS.
       # Build first (the conda deps above are already in place).
       - name: Install libgwmodel kernel
-        shell: bash -l {0}
+        shell: pwsh
         run: |
-          conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
-          cmake -S . -B build \
-            -A x64 \
-            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$CONDA_PREFIX/Library" \
-            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX/Library" \
+          conda activate $env:CONDA_ENV
+          cmake -S . -B build `
+            -A x64 `
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library" `
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library" `
             -DWITH_TESTS=OFF
           cmake --build build --config Release --parallel
           cmake --install build
@@ -107,11 +109,11 @@ jobs:
       # The conda QGIS package is missing qgswebframe.h; download it from the
       # QGIS 3.28 LTR source tree and drop it into the include directory.
       - name: Patch missing qgswebframe.h
-        shell: bash -l {0}
+        shell: pwsh
         run: |
-          QGIS_INC="$CONDA_PREFIX/Library/include/qgis"
-          curl -fsSL -o "$QGIS_INC/qgswebframe.h" \
-            "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qgis/QGIS/$QGIS_HEADER_REF/src/core/qgswebframe.h"
+          $QGIS_INC = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\include\qgis"
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o "$QGIS_INC\qgswebframe.h" `
+            "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qgis/QGIS/$env:QGIS_HEADER_REF/src/core/qgswebframe.h"
 
       - name: Enable MSVC toolchain
         uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1

From 19d90fde9af21e624075870aa2cb3ed36f194a48 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 18:00:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 23/42] fix: make packages

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 141 ++++++++++++++++++---------------------
 src/CMakeLists.txt       |  21 ++++++
 2 files changed, 87 insertions(+), 75 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 8bc30de..2cf4615 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -45,23 +45,6 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout source
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
-      # GitHub-hosted runners may have an old system cmake that cannot detect
-      # the installed VS instance; point CMake at the exact VS install found by
-      # vswhere (the CMAKE_GENERATOR_INSTANCE env var is honored by CMake).
-      - name: Locate Visual Studio instance
-        shell: pwsh
-        run: |
-          $vswhere = "${env:ProgramFiles(x86)}\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe"
-          $vs = & $vswhere -latest -products * `
-            -requires Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.x86.x64 `
-            -property installationPath
-          if ($vs) {
-            "CMAKE_GENERATOR_INSTANCE=$vs" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
-            Write-Host "Found VS at: $vs"
-          } else {
-            Write-Error "No Visual Studio with C++ tools found by vswhere"
-          }
-
       - name: Set up Miniconda
         uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@v3
         with:
@@ -81,7 +64,6 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install conda dependencies
         shell: pwsh
         run: |
-          conda activate $env:CONDA_ENV
           conda install -n $env:CONDA_ENV -q -y `
             -c conda-forge qgis=$env:QGIS_VER armadillo catch2 openblas gsl cmake nomkl
           conda list -n $env:CONDA_ENV -q
@@ -96,14 +78,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install libgwmodel kernel
         shell: pwsh
         run: |
-          conda activate $env:CONDA_ENV
           cmake -S . -B build `
             -A x64 `
             -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library" `
             -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library" `
             -DWITH_TESTS=OFF
           cmake --build build --config Release --parallel
-          cmake --install build
+          cmake --install build --config Release
         working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}/libgwmodel
 
       # The conda QGIS package is missing qgswebframe.h; download it from the
@@ -111,9 +92,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: Patch missing qgswebframe.h
         shell: pwsh
         run: |
-          $QGIS_INC = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\include\qgis"
-          curl.exe -fsSL -o "$QGIS_INC\qgswebframe.h" `
-            "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qgis/QGIS/$env:QGIS_HEADER_REF/src/core/qgswebframe.h"
+          $QGIS_INC = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\include"
+          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qgis/QGIS/$env:QGIS_HEADER_REF/src/core/qgswebframe.h" `
+            -OutFile "$QGIS_INC\qgswebframe.h"
 
       - name: Enable MSVC toolchain
         uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
@@ -123,49 +104,38 @@ jobs:
       - name: Configure (cmake)
         shell: pwsh
         run: |
-          conda activate $env:CONDA_ENV
           $env:PATH = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\bin;$env:PATH"
           $env:LIB_DIR = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library"
           $env:INCLUDE = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\include;$env:INCLUDE"
           cmake -S . -B build -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 `
             -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library" `
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release `
-            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library" `
-            -DDATADIR="share" `
-            -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\lib\libopenblas.lib" `
-            -DLAPACK_LIBRARIES="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\lib\libopenblas.lib"
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="build\staged" `
+            -DDATADIR="share"
 
       - name: Build GWmodelS
         shell: pwsh
         run: |
-          conda activate $env:CONDA_ENV
           $env:PATH = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\bin;$env:PATH"
           cmake --build build --config Release --target GWmodelS --parallel
 
       # CPack configuration is provided by the INSTALL/CPack section in
       # src/CMakeLists.txt; reconfigure is a no-op and regenerates the
-      # CPackConfig.cmake before producing the ZIP package.
+      # CPackConfig.cmake before producing the NSIS64 installer.
       - name: Package with CPack
         shell: pwsh
         run: |
-          conda activate $env:CONDA_ENV
           $env:PATH = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\bin;$env:PATH"
           $env:LIB_DIR = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library"
           $env:INCLUDE = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\include;$env:INCLUDE"
-          cmake -S . -B build -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 `
-            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library" `
-            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release `
-            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library" `
-            -DDATADIR="share" `
-            -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\lib\libopenblas.lib" `
-            -DLAPACK_LIBRARIES="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\lib\libopenblas.lib"
-          cpack --config build/CPackConfig.cmake -G ZIP
+          cpack -G NSIS64 -C Release
+        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}/build
 
       - name: Upload package
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: GWmodelS-Windows-x64
-          path: build/*.zip
+          path: build/*.exe
           if-no-files-found: error
 
   # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -193,7 +163,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install brew dependencies
         shell: bash
         run: |
-          brew install --quiet armadillo openblas catch2 libomp gsl cmake
+          brew install --quiet armadillo openblas catch2 libomp gsl cmake create-dmg
 
       - name: Set up Miniconda
         uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@v3
@@ -214,7 +184,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
           conda install -n "$CONDA_ENV" -q -y \
-            -c conda-forge qgis=$QGIS_VER nomkl
+            -c conda-forge qgis=$QGIS_VER qtkeychain=0.14.1 nomkl
           conda list -n "$CONDA_ENV" -q
       
       - name: Clone libgwmodel
@@ -227,6 +197,7 @@ jobs:
           cmake -S . -B build \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
             -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DENABLE_OpenMP=OFF \
             -DWITH_TESTS=OFF
           cmake --build build --config Release --parallel
           cmake --install build
@@ -241,31 +212,10 @@ jobs:
           curl -fsSL -o "$QGIS_INC/qgswebframe.h" \
             "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qgis/QGIS/$QGIS_HEADER_REF/src/core/qgswebframe.h"
 
-      - name: Configure (cmake)
-        shell: bash -l {0}
-        run: |
-          conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
-          cmake -S . -B build \
-            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
-            -DQGIS_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX"
-
-      - name: Build GWmodelS
-        shell: bash -l {0}
-        run: |
-          conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
-          cmake --build build --config Release --target GWmodelS --parallel
-
-      # Create a self-signed code-signing identity and sign the .app bundle so
-      # CPack (DMG) produces a package that macOS accepts.
-      #
-      # NOTE: the INSTALL rule for APPLE in src/CMakeLists.txt runs fixup_bundle
-      # during `cpack`/`cmake --install`, which rewrites dylib install names and
-      # invalidates this signature. A robust approach is to re-sign the .app
-      # inside the CPack staging tree (build/_CPack_Packages/*/DragNDrop/) after
-      # cpack and before DMG creation; for this draft the sign-before-pack keeps
-      # the flow simple and easy to iterate on.
-      - name: Sign GWmodelS.app (self-signed certificate)
+      # Create a self-signed code-signing identity. It is used by the manual
+      # `codesign` step that runs after Qt deployment and install_name_tool
+      # patches (both of which invalidate any prior signature).
+      - name: Create self-signed certificate
         shell: bash
         run: |
           KEYCHAIN="$RUNNER_TEMP/build.keychain"
@@ -281,24 +231,65 @@ jobs:
           security import /tmp/dev.p12 -k "$KEYCHAIN" -P build -T /usr/bin/codesign
 
           IDENTITY=$(security find-identity -v -p codesigning "$KEYCHAIN" \
-            | awk -F'[()]' '/GWmodelS/{print $2; exit}')
-          codesign --force --deep --sign "$IDENTITY" --keychain "$KEYCHAIN" build/GWmodelS.app
+            | awk -F'"' '/GWmodelS/{print $2; exit}')
+          echo "CODESIGN_IDENTITY=$IDENTITY" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          echo "CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN=$KEYCHAIN" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
 
-      # CPack configuration is provided by the INSTALL/CPack section in
-      # src/CMakeLists.txt; reconfigure is a no-op and regenerates the
-      # CPackConfig.cmake before producing the DMG.
-      - name: Package with CPack
+      - name: Configure (cmake)
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
-          conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
+          QGIS_INC="$CONDA_PREFIX/include/qgis"
           cmake -S . -B build \
+            -DENABLE_OpenMP=OFF \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
             -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$(brew --prefix);$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="build/staged" \
             -DQGIS_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DQGIS_GUI_INCLUDE_DIR="$QGIS_INC" \
+            -DQGIS_ANALYSIS_INCLUDE_DIR="$QGIS_INC" \
             -DGSL_DIR="$(brew --prefix)/opt/gsl/lib/cmake/gsl" \
             -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib" \
             -DLAPACK_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib"
-          cpack --config build/CPackConfig.cmake -G DragNDrop
+
+      - name: Build GWmodelS
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: |
+          cmake --build build --config Release --target GWmodelS --parallel
+          cmake --install build --config Release
+
+      # Fix libpdalcpp's dependency on libpdal_util: rewrite its install name
+      # and set the id on the patched libpdal_util.15.dylib we copied earlier.
+      - name: Fix libpdalcpp install names
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          APP="build/staged/GWmodelS.app"
+          FW="$APP/Contents/Frameworks"
+          install_name_tool -change @rpath/libpdal_util.15.dylib @executable_path/../Frameworks/libpdal_util.15.dylib "$FW/libpdalcpp.15.dylib"
+          install_name_tool -id @executable_path/../libpdal_util.15.dylib "$FW/libpdal_util.15.dylib"
+
+      # Deploy Qt runtime into the bundle (macdeployqt ships with the conda Qt).
+      - name: Deploy Qt
+        shell: bash -l {0}
+        run: |
+          conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
+          macdeployqt "build/staged/GWmodelS.app"
+
+      # Sign the fully-assembled bundle.
+      - name: Sign GWmodelS.app (self-signed certificate)
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          codesign --force --deep --sign "$CODESIGN_IDENTITY" --keychain "$CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN" "build/staged/GWmodelS.app"
+
+      # Package into a DMG with create-dmg (no longer via CPack).
+      - name: Package with create-dmg
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          cd build/staged
+          create-dmg --volname "GWmodelS" \
+            --window-pos 200 120 --window-size 800 400 \
+            --icon-size 100 --icon GWmodelS.app 200 190 \
+            --hide-extension GWmodelS.app --app-drop-link 600 185 \
+            GWmodelS.dmg GWmodelS.app
 
       - name: Upload package
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
diff --git a/src/CMakeLists.txt b/src/CMakeLists.txt
index 5f2fb45..e1fa509 100644
--- a/src/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -320,6 +320,27 @@ install(CODE "set(DIRS ${QGIS_PREFIX_PATH}/lib)" COMPONENT Runtime)
 install(CODE [===[
     include(BundleUtilities)
     fixup_bundle("${APPS}" "" "")
+    # Patch: conda ships libpdal_util as a symlink/hardlink, so fixup_bundle may
+    # not bundle the real library. Copy the actual libpdal_util.15.*.*.dylib
+    # (a regular, non-hardlinked file) into the bundle as libpdal_util.15.dylib.
+    if(DEFINED ENV{CONDA_PREFIX})
+        file(GLOB _pdal_candidates "$ENV{CONDA_PREFIX}/lib/libpdal_util.15.*.*.dylib")
+        set(_pdal_real "")
+        foreach(_c IN LISTS _pdal_candidates)
+            execute_process(COMMAND stat -f %l "${_c}" OUTPUT_VARIABLE _pdal_links OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE)
+            if(_pdal_links STREQUAL "1")
+                set(_pdal_real "${_c}")
+                break()
+            endif()
+        endforeach()
+        if(NOT _pdal_real AND _pdal_candidates)
+            list(GET _pdal_candidates 0 _pdal_real)
+        endif()
+        if(_pdal_real)
+            file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${APPS}/Contents/Frameworks")
+            file(COPY_FILE "${_pdal_real}" "${APPS}/Contents/Frameworks/libpdal_util.15.dylib")
+        endif()
+    endif()
 ]===] COMPONENT Runtime)
 # install(RUNTIME_DEPENDENCY_SET _dep_mac DESTINATION "./${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}.app/Contents/Frameworks" POST_EXCLUDE_REGEXES ".*homebrew.*")
 # get_target_property(uic_location Qt5::uic IMPORTED_LOCATION)

From 90c359a19b6935cf87fc169fad41183bd28ae6a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 18:05:18 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 24/42] fix: macos icon resource

---
 src/CMakeLists.txt | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/CMakeLists.txt b/src/CMakeLists.txt
index e1fa509..e35729c 100644
--- a/src/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -242,7 +242,11 @@ endif(WIN32)
 if(UNIX AND NOT CYGWIN)
     if(APPLE)
         add_executable(GWmodelS MACOSX_BUNDLE ${SOURCES} ${HEADERS} ${FORMS_H} ${app_MACICON} ${GWMODEL_ICONS})
-        set_target_properties(GWmodelS PROPERTIES FRAMEWORK TRUE MACOSX_BUNDLE_INFO_PLIST ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/macOS/Info.plist.in)
+        set_target_properties(GWmodelS PROPERTIES
+            MACOSX_BUNDLE TRUE
+            MACOSX_BUNDLE_INFO_PLIST ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/macOS/Info.plist.in
+            RESOURCE "${app_MACICON}"
+        )
     else(APPLE)
         set(CMAKE_CXX_LINK_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_LINK_FLAGS} -no-pie")
         add_executable(GWmodelS ${SOURCES} ${HEADERS} ${FORMS_H} ${app_WINRC} ${GWMODEL_ICONS})

From 751c5754fcaf1a66d05b66945a51e332194a23a1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 18:23:07 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 25/42] fix: dont specify vs version on windows and disable
 parallel compile

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 2cf4615..955f3a7 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ jobs:
             -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library" `
             -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library" `
             -DWITH_TESTS=OFF
-          cmake --build build --config Release --parallel
+          cmake --build build --config Release
           cmake --install build --config Release
         working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}/libgwmodel
 
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ jobs:
           $env:PATH = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\bin;$env:PATH"
           $env:LIB_DIR = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library"
           $env:INCLUDE = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\include;$env:INCLUDE"
-          cmake -S . -B build -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 `
+          cmake -S . -B build `
             -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library" `
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release `
             -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="build\staged" `
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: pwsh
         run: |
           $env:PATH = "$env:CONDA_PREFIX\Library\bin;$env:PATH"
-          cmake --build build --config Release --target GWmodelS --parallel
+          cmake --build build --config Release --target GWmodelS
 
       # CPack configuration is provided by the INSTALL/CPack section in
       # src/CMakeLists.txt; reconfigure is a no-op and regenerates the
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ jobs:
             -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
             -DENABLE_OpenMP=OFF \
             -DWITH_TESTS=OFF
-          cmake --build build --config Release --parallel
+          cmake --build build --config Release
           cmake --install build
         working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}/libgwmodel
 
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build GWmodelS
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
-          cmake --build build --config Release --target GWmodelS --parallel
+          cmake --build build --config Release --target GWmodelS
           cmake --install build --config Release
 
       # Fix libpdalcpp's dependency on libpdal_util: rewrite its install name

From b2b44a0dacc41ff82828352c6c82a33bca28a3dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 18:49:18 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 26/42] fix: macos GWmodel cmake prefix

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 7 ++-----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 955f3a7..d776135 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -242,14 +242,11 @@ jobs:
           cmake -S . -B build \
             -DENABLE_OpenMP=OFF \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$(brew --prefix);$CONDA_PREFIX" \
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX:$(brew --prefix)" \
             -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="build/staged" \
             -DQGIS_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
             -DQGIS_GUI_INCLUDE_DIR="$QGIS_INC" \
-            -DQGIS_ANALYSIS_INCLUDE_DIR="$QGIS_INC" \
-            -DGSL_DIR="$(brew --prefix)/opt/gsl/lib/cmake/gsl" \
-            -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib" \
-            -DLAPACK_LIBRARIES="$(brew --prefix)/lib/libopenblas.dylib"
+            -DQGIS_ANALYSIS_INCLUDE_DIR="$QGIS_INC"
 
       - name: Build GWmodelS
         shell: bash -l {0}

From 088d822fd93dab2b5301da7e585a27813228e637 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 18:58:18 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 27/42] fix: cmake prefix path on macos

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index d776135..1d6e2a2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ jobs:
           cmake -S . -B build \
             -DENABLE_OpenMP=OFF \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX:$(brew --prefix)" \
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX;$(brew --prefix)" \
             -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="build/staged" \
             -DQGIS_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
             -DQGIS_GUI_INCLUDE_DIR="$QGIS_INC" \

From 7541f65ade86f397e07fc73b6db49163f879e8fb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 19:02:36 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 28/42] fix: libgwmodel cmake prefix path on macos

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 1d6e2a2..8fe3720 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -196,7 +196,6 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           cmake -S . -B build \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
             -DENABLE_OpenMP=OFF \
             -DWITH_TESTS=OFF
           cmake --build build --config Release

From 1fe98d7d817d288b7d74ed09b8720bccc98f5607 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 19:13:07 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 29/42] Revert "fix: libgwmodel cmake prefix path on macos"

This reverts commit 7541f65ade86f397e07fc73b6db49163f879e8fb.
---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 8fe3720..1d6e2a2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -196,6 +196,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           cmake -S . -B build \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
             -DENABLE_OpenMP=OFF \
             -DWITH_TESTS=OFF
           cmake --build build --config Release

From d194d69b39bc40ffa187493fb2cd91ae5ce1e63a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 10:12:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 30/42] edit: windows use 2022

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 1d6e2a2..356b5bb 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
   # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
   build-windows:
     name: Windows (x64)
-    runs-on: windows-latest
+    runs-on: windows-2022
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout source

From b8d3f88694379df7357cc8d92904e681fbabda74 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 11:16:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 31/42] fix: macos codesign

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 356b5bb..5a26965 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -231,9 +231,10 @@ jobs:
           security import /tmp/dev.p12 -k "$KEYCHAIN" -P build -T /usr/bin/codesign
 
           IDENTITY=$(security find-identity -v -p codesigning "$KEYCHAIN" \
-            | awk -F'"' '/GWmodelS/{print $2; exit}')
+            | awk '/GWmodelS/{print $2; exit}')
           echo "CODESIGN_IDENTITY=$IDENTITY" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
           echo "CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN=$KEYCHAIN" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          echo "CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN_PASSWORD=build" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
 
       - name: Configure (cmake)
         shell: bash -l {0}
@@ -275,6 +276,8 @@ jobs:
       - name: Sign GWmodelS.app (self-signed certificate)
         shell: bash
         run: |
+          security unlock-keychain -p "$CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN_PASSWORD" "$CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN"
+          security set-keychain-settings -t 3600 -u "$CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN"
           codesign --force --deep --sign "$CODESIGN_IDENTITY" --keychain "$CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN" "build/staged/GWmodelS.app"
 
       # Package into a DMG with create-dmg (no longer via CPack).

From 8560b2be5622e30fc85d91f709ee376a43f37220 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 11:34:01 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 32/42] edit: merge create self-signed certificate and codesign

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 42 +++++++++++++++++-----------------------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 5a26965..592cadf 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -212,30 +212,6 @@ jobs:
           curl -fsSL -o "$QGIS_INC/qgswebframe.h" \
             "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qgis/QGIS/$QGIS_HEADER_REF/src/core/qgswebframe.h"
 
-      # Create a self-signed code-signing identity. It is used by the manual
-      # `codesign` step that runs after Qt deployment and install_name_tool
-      # patches (both of which invalidate any prior signature).
-      - name: Create self-signed certificate
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          KEYCHAIN="$RUNNER_TEMP/build.keychain"
-          security create-keychain -p build "$KEYCHAIN"
-          security default-keychain -s "$KEYCHAIN"
-          security unlock-keychain -p build "$KEYCHAIN"
-          security set-keychain-settings -t 3600 -u "$KEYCHAIN"
-
-          openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /tmp/dev.key -out /tmp/dev.crt \
-            -days 365 -nodes -subj "/CN=GWmodelS CI"
-          openssl pkcs12 -export -out /tmp/dev.p12 \
-            -inkey /tmp/dev.key -in /tmp/dev.crt -passout pass:build
-          security import /tmp/dev.p12 -k "$KEYCHAIN" -P build -T /usr/bin/codesign
-
-          IDENTITY=$(security find-identity -v -p codesigning "$KEYCHAIN" \
-            | awk '/GWmodelS/{print $2; exit}')
-          echo "CODESIGN_IDENTITY=$IDENTITY" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-          echo "CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN=$KEYCHAIN" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-          echo "CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN_PASSWORD=build" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-
       - name: Configure (cmake)
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
@@ -276,6 +252,24 @@ jobs:
       - name: Sign GWmodelS.app (self-signed certificate)
         shell: bash
         run: |
+          KEYCHAIN="$RUNNER_TEMP/build.keychain"
+          security create-keychain -p build "$KEYCHAIN"
+          security default-keychain -s "$KEYCHAIN"
+          security unlock-keychain -p build "$KEYCHAIN"
+          security set-keychain-settings -t 3600 -u "$KEYCHAIN"
+
+          openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /tmp/dev.key -out /tmp/dev.crt \
+            -days 365 -nodes -subj "/CN=GWmodelS CI"
+          openssl pkcs12 -export -out /tmp/dev.p12 \
+            -inkey /tmp/dev.key -in /tmp/dev.crt -passout pass:build
+          security import /tmp/dev.p12 -k "$KEYCHAIN" -P build -T /usr/bin/codesign
+
+          IDENTITY=$(security find-identity -v -p codesigning "$KEYCHAIN" \
+            | awk '/GWmodelS/{print $2; exit}')
+          echo "CODESIGN_IDENTITY=$IDENTITY" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          echo "CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN=$KEYCHAIN" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          echo "CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN_PASSWORD=build" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          
           security unlock-keychain -p "$CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN_PASSWORD" "$CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN"
           security set-keychain-settings -t 3600 -u "$CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN"
           codesign --force --deep --sign "$CODESIGN_IDENTITY" --keychain "$CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN" "build/staged/GWmodelS.app"

From 434b5c5b9772dc54411c7983ee84a94e940c0551 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 12:01:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 33/42] edit: remove certificate export

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 8 +-------
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 592cadf..d434e78 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -266,13 +266,7 @@ jobs:
 
           IDENTITY=$(security find-identity -v -p codesigning "$KEYCHAIN" \
             | awk '/GWmodelS/{print $2; exit}')
-          echo "CODESIGN_IDENTITY=$IDENTITY" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-          echo "CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN=$KEYCHAIN" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-          echo "CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN_PASSWORD=build" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-          
-          security unlock-keychain -p "$CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN_PASSWORD" "$CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN"
-          security set-keychain-settings -t 3600 -u "$CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN"
-          codesign --force --deep --sign "$CODESIGN_IDENTITY" --keychain "$CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN" "build/staged/GWmodelS.app"
+          codesign --force --deep --sign "$IDENTITY" --keychain "$KEYCHAIN" "build/staged/GWmodelS.app"
 
       # Package into a DMG with create-dmg (no longer via CPack).
       - name: Package with create-dmg

From e5f68706fc696fd20dc9b1095bed00980d21260b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 2026 16:28:34 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 34/42] edit: apple keychain set-key-partition-list

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 13 +++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index d434e78..08634cf 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -264,8 +264,21 @@ jobs:
             -inkey /tmp/dev.key -in /tmp/dev.crt -passout pass:build
           security import /tmp/dev.p12 -k "$KEYCHAIN" -P build -T /usr/bin/codesign
 
+          # Authorize Apple tooling to access the imported private key; without
+          # this, codesign reports "The specified item could not be found in
+          # the keychain" because the key partition list blocks access.
+          security set-key-partition-list -S apple-tool:,apple:,codesign: -s -k build "$KEYCHAIN"
+          security list-keychains -s "$KEYCHAIN"
+          security default-keychain -s "$KEYCHAIN"
+
           IDENTITY=$(security find-identity -v -p codesigning "$KEYCHAIN" \
             | awk '/GWmodelS/{print $2; exit}')
+          if [ -z "$IDENTITY" ]; then
+            echo "No codesigning identity found; dumping find-identity output:" >&2
+            security find-identity -v -p codesigning "$KEYCHAIN" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          echo "Signing with identity: $IDENTITY"
           codesign --force --deep --sign "$IDENTITY" --keychain "$KEYCHAIN" "build/staged/GWmodelS.app"
 
       # Package into a DMG with create-dmg (no longer via CPack).

From 5b381b2d800795bf4b07363e453f7aaa51a6c4f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 2026 16:49:44 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 35/42] fix: add code-signing EKU to self-signed certificate

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 31 ++++++++++++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 08634cf..99021f3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -253,23 +253,28 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
         run: |
           KEYCHAIN="$RUNNER_TEMP/build.keychain"
-          security create-keychain -p build "$KEYCHAIN"
+          KEYCHAIN_PW="build"
+
+          security create-keychain -p "$KEYCHAIN_PW" "$KEYCHAIN"
           security default-keychain -s "$KEYCHAIN"
-          security unlock-keychain -p build "$KEYCHAIN"
+          security unlock-keychain -p "$KEYCHAIN_PW" "$KEYCHAIN"
           security set-keychain-settings -t 3600 -u "$KEYCHAIN"
 
-          openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /tmp/dev.key -out /tmp/dev.crt \
-            -days 365 -nodes -subj "/CN=GWmodelS CI"
+          # Generate a self-signed certificate with the code-signing extended
+          # key usage. Without it, `find-identity -p codesigning` reports
+          # "0 valid identities found" and codesign cannot locate the identity.
+          openssl req -x509 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 \
+            -keyout /tmp/dev.key -out /tmp/dev.crt \
+            -days 365 -subj "/CN=GWmodelS CI" \
+            -addext "keyUsage=digitalSignature" \
+            -addext "extendedKeyUsage=codeSigning"
           openssl pkcs12 -export -out /tmp/dev.p12 \
-            -inkey /tmp/dev.key -in /tmp/dev.crt -passout pass:build
-          security import /tmp/dev.p12 -k "$KEYCHAIN" -P build -T /usr/bin/codesign
-
-          # Authorize Apple tooling to access the imported private key; without
-          # this, codesign reports "The specified item could not be found in
-          # the keychain" because the key partition list blocks access.
-          security set-key-partition-list -S apple-tool:,apple:,codesign: -s -k build "$KEYCHAIN"
-          security list-keychains -s "$KEYCHAIN"
-          security default-keychain -s "$KEYCHAIN"
+            -inkey /tmp/dev.key -in /tmp/dev.crt -passout pass:"$KEYCHAIN_PW"
+
+          security import /tmp/dev.p12 -k "$KEYCHAIN" -P "$KEYCHAIN_PW" -A
+
+          # Authorize Apple tooling to access the imported private key.
+          security set-key-partition-list -S apple-tool:,apple: -s -k "$KEYCHAIN_PW" "$KEYCHAIN"
 
           IDENTITY=$(security find-identity -v -p codesigning "$KEYCHAIN" \
             | awk '/GWmodelS/{print $2; exit}')

From ff66e00d53fe8d93f713c56972f4ffce69bb3423 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 2026 17:18:34 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 36/42] edit: macos ci use ad-hoc sign

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 39 ++++-----------------------------------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 99021f3..16e5e1f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #   3. Patch the missing qgswebframe.h header from the QGIS source tree
 #   4. Configure + build GWmodelS
 #   5. Package with CPack (INSTALL/CPack rules live in src/CMakeLists.txt)
-#      - macOS: sign the .app with a self-signed certificate before packaging
+#      - macOS: ad-hoc sign the .app before packaging
 #
 # NOTE: draft only, not yet pushed/validated.
 
@@ -249,42 +249,11 @@ jobs:
           macdeployqt "build/staged/GWmodelS.app"
 
       # Sign the fully-assembled bundle.
-      - name: Sign GWmodelS.app (self-signed certificate)
+      - name: Sign GWmodelS.app (ad-hoc)
         shell: bash
         run: |
-          KEYCHAIN="$RUNNER_TEMP/build.keychain"
-          KEYCHAIN_PW="build"
-
-          security create-keychain -p "$KEYCHAIN_PW" "$KEYCHAIN"
-          security default-keychain -s "$KEYCHAIN"
-          security unlock-keychain -p "$KEYCHAIN_PW" "$KEYCHAIN"
-          security set-keychain-settings -t 3600 -u "$KEYCHAIN"
-
-          # Generate a self-signed certificate with the code-signing extended
-          # key usage. Without it, `find-identity -p codesigning` reports
-          # "0 valid identities found" and codesign cannot locate the identity.
-          openssl req -x509 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 \
-            -keyout /tmp/dev.key -out /tmp/dev.crt \
-            -days 365 -subj "/CN=GWmodelS CI" \
-            -addext "keyUsage=digitalSignature" \
-            -addext "extendedKeyUsage=codeSigning"
-          openssl pkcs12 -export -out /tmp/dev.p12 \
-            -inkey /tmp/dev.key -in /tmp/dev.crt -passout pass:"$KEYCHAIN_PW"
-
-          security import /tmp/dev.p12 -k "$KEYCHAIN" -P "$KEYCHAIN_PW" -A
-
-          # Authorize Apple tooling to access the imported private key.
-          security set-key-partition-list -S apple-tool:,apple: -s -k "$KEYCHAIN_PW" "$KEYCHAIN"
-
-          IDENTITY=$(security find-identity -v -p codesigning "$KEYCHAIN" \
-            | awk '/GWmodelS/{print $2; exit}')
-          if [ -z "$IDENTITY" ]; then
-            echo "No codesigning identity found; dumping find-identity output:" >&2
-            security find-identity -v -p codesigning "$KEYCHAIN" >&2
-            exit 1
-          fi
-          echo "Signing with identity: $IDENTITY"
-          codesign --force --deep --sign "$IDENTITY" --keychain "$KEYCHAIN" "build/staged/GWmodelS.app"
+          codesign --force --deep --sign - "build/staged/GWmodelS.app"
+          codesign --verify --deep --strict --verbose=2 "build/staged/GWmodelS.app"
 
       # Package into a DMG with create-dmg (no longer via CPack).
       - name: Package with create-dmg

From 693ae9beae9c541737ad37d40090a993926554e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 2026 18:10:56 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 37/42] edit: remove unnecessary conda activate

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 16e5e1f..05d892c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -245,7 +245,6 @@ jobs:
       - name: Deploy Qt
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
-          conda activate "$CONDA_ENV"
           macdeployqt "build/staged/GWmodelS.app"
 
       # Sign the fully-assembled bundle.

From 3b1fdf88cd23a7a78a7a4803bb7785f444c44b80 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 2026 18:12:13 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 38/42] fix: macos package dir

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 05d892c..5066413 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -258,16 +258,16 @@ jobs:
       - name: Package with create-dmg
         shell: bash
         run: |
-          cd build/staged
           create-dmg --volname "GWmodelS" \
             --window-pos 200 120 --window-size 800 400 \
             --icon-size 100 --icon GWmodelS.app 200 190 \
             --hide-extension GWmodelS.app --app-drop-link 600 185 \
             GWmodelS.dmg GWmodelS.app
+        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}/build/staged
 
       - name: Upload package
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: GWmodelS-macOS-${{ matrix.arch }}
-          path: build/*.dmg
+          path: build/staged/*.dmg
           if-no-files-found: error

From baaaa6ef77761a08b8dba33d71e4fdc2857e6884 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 2026 19:05:58 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 39/42] edit: use cpack to handle dependencies and codesign

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 42 ++++---------------
 src/CMakeLists.txt       | 88 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
 2 files changed, 64 insertions(+), 66 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 5066413..75afb12 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install brew dependencies
         shell: bash
         run: |
-          brew install --quiet armadillo openblas catch2 libomp gsl cmake create-dmg
+          brew install --quiet armadillo openblas catch2 libomp gsl cmake
 
       - name: Set up Miniconda
         uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@v3
@@ -220,7 +220,6 @@ jobs:
             -DENABLE_OpenMP=OFF \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
             -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX;$(brew --prefix)" \
-            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="build/staged" \
             -DQGIS_PREFIX_PATH="$CONDA_PREFIX" \
             -DQGIS_GUI_INCLUDE_DIR="$QGIS_INC" \
             -DQGIS_ANALYSIS_INCLUDE_DIR="$QGIS_INC"
@@ -229,45 +228,18 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
           cmake --build build --config Release --target GWmodelS
-          cmake --install build --config Release
-
-      # Fix libpdalcpp's dependency on libpdal_util: rewrite its install name
-      # and set the id on the patched libpdal_util.15.dylib we copied earlier.
-      - name: Fix libpdalcpp install names
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          APP="build/staged/GWmodelS.app"
-          FW="$APP/Contents/Frameworks"
-          install_name_tool -change @rpath/libpdal_util.15.dylib @executable_path/../Frameworks/libpdal_util.15.dylib "$FW/libpdalcpp.15.dylib"
-          install_name_tool -id @executable_path/../libpdal_util.15.dylib "$FW/libpdal_util.15.dylib"
 
-      # Deploy Qt runtime into the bundle (macdeployqt ships with the conda Qt).
-      - name: Deploy Qt
+      # CPack runs the complete install pipeline: deploy Qt, collect and fix
+      # runtime dependencies, ad-hoc sign the app, then create the DMG.
+      - name: Package with CPack
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: |
-          macdeployqt "build/staged/GWmodelS.app"
-
-      # Sign the fully-assembled bundle.
-      - name: Sign GWmodelS.app (ad-hoc)
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          codesign --force --deep --sign - "build/staged/GWmodelS.app"
-          codesign --verify --deep --strict --verbose=2 "build/staged/GWmodelS.app"
-
-      # Package into a DMG with create-dmg (no longer via CPack).
-      - name: Package with create-dmg
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          create-dmg --volname "GWmodelS" \
-            --window-pos 200 120 --window-size 800 400 \
-            --icon-size 100 --icon GWmodelS.app 200 190 \
-            --hide-extension GWmodelS.app --app-drop-link 600 185 \
-            GWmodelS.dmg GWmodelS.app
-        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}/build/staged
+          cpack --config CPackConfig.cmake -C Release -G DragNDrop
+        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}/build
 
       - name: Upload package
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: GWmodelS-macOS-${{ matrix.arch }}
-          path: build/staged/*.dmg
+          path: build/*.dmg
           if-no-files-found: error
diff --git a/src/CMakeLists.txt b/src/CMakeLists.txt
index e35729c..1f3e215 100644
--- a/src/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -310,7 +310,6 @@ install(DIRECTORY "${qgis_dir}/resources" DESTINATION .)
 install(DIRECTORY "${qgis_dir}/share/proj" DESTINATION "./${DATADIR}")
 elseif(APPLE)
 install(TARGETS GWmodelS
-    # RUNTIME_DEPENDENCY_SET _dep_mac
     DESTINATION .
     BUNDLE DESTINATION .
     RESOURCE DESTINATION "./${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}.app/Contents/Resources"
@@ -319,41 +318,62 @@ get_filename_component(qgis_dir ${QGIS_UI_INCLUDE_DIR} DIRECTORY)
 get_filename_component(qgis_dir ${qgis_dir} DIRECTORY)
 install(DIRECTORY "${qgis_dir}/share/proj" DESTINATION "./${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}.app/Contents/Resources")
 install(DIRECTORY "${qgis_dir}/share/qgis/resources" DESTINATION "./${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}.app/Contents/Resources")
-install(CODE "set(APPS ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${PROJECT_NAME}.app)" COMPONENT Runtime)
-install(CODE "set(DIRS ${QGIS_PREFIX_PATH}/lib)" COMPONENT Runtime)
+
+# Locate the deployment tool from the same Qt installation used to build the
+# application.  The complete bundle is assembled by the install step, so both
+# `cmake --install` and CPack follow exactly the same deployment path.
+get_target_property(qmake_location Qt5::qmake IMPORTED_LOCATION)
+get_filename_component(qt_bin_dir "${qmake_location}" DIRECTORY)
+find_program(MACDEPLOYQT_EXECUTABLE
+    NAMES macdeployqt
+    HINTS "${qt_bin_dir}" "${QGIS_PREFIX_PATH}/bin"
+    NO_DEFAULT_PATH
+)
+if(NOT MACDEPLOYQT_EXECUTABLE)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "macdeployqt was not found next to the Qt installation")
+endif()
+
+install(CODE "set(APP_BUNDLE \"\${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${PROJECT_NAME}.app\")" COMPONENT Runtime)
+install(CODE "set(MACDEPLOYQT_EXECUTABLE \"${MACDEPLOYQT_EXECUTABLE}\")" COMPONENT Runtime)
+install(CODE "set(QGIS_LIBRARY_DIR \"${QGIS_PREFIX_PATH}/lib\")" COMPONENT Runtime)
 install(CODE [===[
+    execute_process(
+        COMMAND "${MACDEPLOYQT_EXECUTABLE}" "${APP_BUNDLE}" -always-overwrite
+        RESULT_VARIABLE _macdeployqt_result
+    )
+    if(NOT _macdeployqt_result EQUAL 0)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "macdeployqt failed with exit code ${_macdeployqt_result}")
+    endif()
+
     include(BundleUtilities)
-    fixup_bundle("${APPS}" "" "")
-    # Patch: conda ships libpdal_util as a symlink/hardlink, so fixup_bundle may
-    # not bundle the real library. Copy the actual libpdal_util.15.*.*.dylib
-    # (a regular, non-hardlinked file) into the bundle as libpdal_util.15.dylib.
+
+    # In particular, this search path lets BundleUtilities resolve conda
+    # libraries referenced through @rpath, including PDAL's libpdal_util.
+    set(_bundle_search_dirs "${QGIS_LIBRARY_DIR}")
     if(DEFINED ENV{CONDA_PREFIX})
-        file(GLOB _pdal_candidates "$ENV{CONDA_PREFIX}/lib/libpdal_util.15.*.*.dylib")
-        set(_pdal_real "")
-        foreach(_c IN LISTS _pdal_candidates)
-            execute_process(COMMAND stat -f %l "${_c}" OUTPUT_VARIABLE _pdal_links OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE)
-            if(_pdal_links STREQUAL "1")
-                set(_pdal_real "${_c}")
-                break()
-            endif()
-        endforeach()
-        if(NOT _pdal_real AND _pdal_candidates)
-            list(GET _pdal_candidates 0 _pdal_real)
-        endif()
-        if(_pdal_real)
-            file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${APPS}/Contents/Frameworks")
-            file(COPY_FILE "${_pdal_real}" "${APPS}/Contents/Frameworks/libpdal_util.15.dylib")
-        endif()
+        list(APPEND _bundle_search_dirs "$ENV{CONDA_PREFIX}/lib")
+    endif()
+
+    fixup_bundle("${APP_BUNDLE}" "" "${_bundle_search_dirs}")
+
+    # BundleUtilities and macdeployqt modify Mach-O files, so signing must be
+    # the final operation performed on the assembled application.
+    execute_process(
+        COMMAND codesign --force --deep --sign - "${APP_BUNDLE}"
+        RESULT_VARIABLE _codesign_result
+    )
+    if(NOT _codesign_result EQUAL 0)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "ad-hoc codesign failed with exit code ${_codesign_result}")
+    endif()
+
+    execute_process(
+        COMMAND codesign --verify --deep --strict --verbose=2 "${APP_BUNDLE}"
+        RESULT_VARIABLE _codesign_verify_result
+    )
+    if(NOT _codesign_verify_result EQUAL 0)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "codesign verification failed with exit code ${_codesign_verify_result}")
     endif()
 ]===] COMPONENT Runtime)
-# install(RUNTIME_DEPENDENCY_SET _dep_mac DESTINATION "./${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}.app/Contents/Frameworks" POST_EXCLUDE_REGEXES ".*homebrew.*")
-# get_target_property(uic_location Qt5::uic IMPORTED_LOCATION)
-# get_filename_component( _dir ${uic_location} DIRECTORY)
-# set(deployqt "${_dir}/macdeployqt")
-# install(CODE "set(deployqt \"${deployqt}\")" COMPONENT Runtime)
-# install(CODE [===[
-# execute_process(COMMAND "${deployqt}" "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/GWmodelS.app")
-# ]===] COMPONENT Runtime)
 endif()
 
 # CPack
@@ -364,4 +384,10 @@ set(CPACK_NSIS_MUI_ICON "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/icons/GWmodelS.ico")
 set(CPACK_PACKAGE_INSTALL_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME})
 set(CPACK_PACKAGE_EXECUTABLES "GWmodelS;GWmodelS")
 set(CPACK_NSIS_EXECUTABLES_DIRECTORY ".")
+if(APPLE)
+    set(CPACK_GENERATOR "DragNDrop")
+    set(CPACK_DMG_VOLUME_NAME "GWmodelS")
+    set(CPACK_DMG_FORMAT "UDZO")
+    set(CPACK_PACKAGE_FILE_NAME "${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}-${CMAKE_PROJECT_VERSION}-macOS")
+endif()
 include(CPack)

From bf791ce79de99519ed7f0a1eb474264d525751eb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 2026 19:18:32 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 40/42] fix: include macOS bundle in CPack runtime component

---
 src/CMakeLists.txt | 15 ++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/CMakeLists.txt b/src/CMakeLists.txt
index 1f3e215..3ea3202 100644
--- a/src/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -310,14 +310,19 @@ install(DIRECTORY "${qgis_dir}/resources" DESTINATION .)
 install(DIRECTORY "${qgis_dir}/share/proj" DESTINATION "./${DATADIR}")
 elseif(APPLE)
 install(TARGETS GWmodelS
-    DESTINATION .
-    BUNDLE DESTINATION .
-    RESOURCE DESTINATION "./${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}.app/Contents/Resources"
+    BUNDLE DESTINATION . COMPONENT Runtime
+    RESOURCE DESTINATION "./${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}.app/Contents/Resources" COMPONENT Runtime
 )
 get_filename_component(qgis_dir ${QGIS_UI_INCLUDE_DIR} DIRECTORY)
 get_filename_component(qgis_dir ${qgis_dir} DIRECTORY)
-install(DIRECTORY "${qgis_dir}/share/proj" DESTINATION "./${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}.app/Contents/Resources")
-install(DIRECTORY "${qgis_dir}/share/qgis/resources" DESTINATION "./${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}.app/Contents/Resources")
+install(DIRECTORY "${qgis_dir}/share/proj"
+    DESTINATION "./${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}.app/Contents/Resources"
+    COMPONENT Runtime
+)
+install(DIRECTORY "${qgis_dir}/share/qgis/resources"
+    DESTINATION "./${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}.app/Contents/Resources"
+    COMPONENT Runtime
+)
 
 # Locate the deployment tool from the same Qt installation used to build the
 # application.  The complete bundle is assembled by the install step, so both

From c5eaa2b6e484d91d5a9920fa6933105cbc37a485 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Aug 2026 09:54:31 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 41/42] add: release process

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 103 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 98 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 75afb12..4c92a8f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -13,16 +13,18 @@
 #   5. Package with CPack (INSTALL/CPack rules live in src/CMakeLists.txt)
 #      - macOS: ad-hoc sign the .app before packaging
 #
-# NOTE: draft only, not yet pushed/validated.
-
 name: CI
 
 on:
   push:
-    branches: [master, 'feat/**', 'enhance/**']
-    tags: ['v*']
+    branches:
+      - master
+      - 'ci/*'
+    tags:
+      - '**'
   pull_request:
-  workflow_dispatch:
+    branches:
+      - master
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
@@ -237,9 +239,100 @@ jobs:
           cpack --config CPackConfig.cmake -C Release -G DragNDrop
         working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}/build
 
+      # Both matrix jobs produce the same CPack base name. Add the architecture
+      # so both DMGs can coexist as assets on the same GitHub Release.
+      - name: Add architecture to package filename
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          for package in build/*.dmg; do
+            mv "$package" "${package%.dmg}-${{ matrix.arch }}.dmg"
+          done
+
       - name: Upload package
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: GWmodelS-macOS-${{ matrix.arch }}
           path: build/*.dmg
           if-no-files-found: error
+
+  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  # GitHub Release (tag pushes only)
+  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  release:
+    name: Publish GitHub Release
+    if: github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
+    needs:
+      - build-windows
+      - build-macos
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Download installation packages
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          pattern: GWmodelS-*
+          path: release-assets
+          merge-multiple: true
+
+      - name: Locate installation packages
+        id: packages
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          windows_path=$(find release-assets -maxdepth 1 -type f -name '*.exe' -print -quit)
+          macos_x64_path=$(find release-assets -maxdepth 1 -type f -name '*-x64.dmg' -print -quit)
+          macos_arm64_path=$(find release-assets -maxdepth 1 -type f -name '*-arm64.dmg' -print -quit)
+
+          test -n "$windows_path"
+          test -n "$macos_x64_path"
+          test -n "$macos_arm64_path"
+
+          echo "windows_path=$windows_path" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "windows_name=$(basename "$windows_path")" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "macos_x64_path=$macos_x64_path" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "macos_x64_name=$(basename "$macos_x64_path")" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "macos_arm64_path=$macos_arm64_path" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "macos_arm64_name=$(basename "$macos_arm64_path")" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Create GitHub Release
+        id: create_release
+        uses: actions/create-release@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        with:
+          tag_name: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          release_name: GWmodelS ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          body: Automated installation packages for GWmodelS ${{ github.ref_name }}.
+          draft: false
+          prerelease: false
+
+      - name: Upload Windows x64 package
+        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        with:
+          upload_url: ${{ steps.create_release.outputs.upload_url }}
+          asset_path: ${{ steps.packages.outputs.windows_path }}
+          asset_name: ${{ steps.packages.outputs.windows_name }}
+          asset_content_type: application/vnd.microsoft.portable-executable
+
+      - name: Upload macOS x64 package
+        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        with:
+          upload_url: ${{ steps.create_release.outputs.upload_url }}
+          asset_path: ${{ steps.packages.outputs.macos_x64_path }}
+          asset_name: ${{ steps.packages.outputs.macos_x64_name }}
+          asset_content_type: application/x-apple-diskimage
+
+      - name: Upload macOS arm64 package
+        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        with:
+          upload_url: ${{ steps.create_release.outputs.upload_url }}
+          asset_path: ${{ steps.packages.outputs.macos_arm64_path }}
+          asset_name: ${{ steps.packages.outputs.macos_arm64_name }}
+          asset_content_type: application/x-apple-diskimage

From bf712e07670a7264f317e4c02ec6f174bbeeecc1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HPDell <huyg0180110559@outlook.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Aug 2026 09:57:29 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 42/42] edit: trigger on feat/ci

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 4c92a8f..d1dc8f3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ on:
   push:
     branches:
       - master
+      - feat/ci
       - 'ci/*'
     tags:
       - '**'