diff --git a/crates/switchyard-translation/src/codecs/anthropic/buffered.rs b/crates/switchyard-translation/src/codecs/anthropic/buffered.rs
index 75f4d6848..7d4b2d2c2 100644
--- a/crates/switchyard-translation/src/codecs/anthropic/buffered.rs
+++ b/crates/switchyard-translation/src/codecs/anthropic/buffered.rs
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ impl FormatCodec for AnthropicMessagesCodec {
                     })
             })
             .transpose()?;
+        let response_format = decode_anthropic_output_format(body, &mut diagnostics, policy)?;
         let mut request = LlmRequest {
             model: body
                 .get("model")
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ impl FormatCodec for AnthropicMessagesCodec {
                 .map(ToOwned::to_owned),
             output: OutputParams {
                 max_output_tokens,
-                response_format: None,
+                response_format,
             },
             sampling: SamplingParams {
                 temperature: body.get("temperature").and_then(Value::as_f64),
@@ -146,6 +147,7 @@ impl FormatCodec for AnthropicMessagesCodec {
                 "top_k",
                 "thinking",
                 "output_config",
+                "output_format",
                 "stream",
             ],
         );
@@ -360,6 +362,56 @@ impl FormatCodec for AnthropicMessagesCodec {
     }
 }
 
+// Reads the current `output_config.format`, or the beta `output_format` it replaced,
+// into the neutral OpenAI-shaped response format.
+fn decode_anthropic_output_format(
+    body: &Map<String, Value>,
+    diagnostics: &mut Vec<TranslationDiagnostic>,
+    policy: &TranslationPolicy,
+) -> Result<Option<Value>> {
+    let Some(format) = body
+        .get("output_config")
+        .and_then(Value::as_object)
+        .and_then(|config| config.get("format"))
+        .or_else(|| body.get("output_format"))
+    else {
+        return Ok(None);
+    };
+    let Some(format) = format.as_object() else {
+        push_lossy(
+            diagnostics,
+            policy,
+            "Anthropic structured output format is not an object; the requested format was dropped",
+        )?;
+        return Ok(None);
+    };
+    if format.get("type").and_then(Value::as_str) != Some("json_schema") {
+        push_lossy(
+            diagnostics,
+            policy,
+            "Anthropic structured output maps only a json_schema format; the requested format was dropped",
+        )?;
+        return Ok(None);
+    }
+    // A non-object schema would reach the upstream as a malformed `json_schema.schema`.
+    let Some(schema) = format.get("schema").filter(|schema| schema.is_object()) else {
+        push_lossy(
+            diagnostics,
+            policy,
+            "Anthropic structured output requires format.schema to be an object; the requested format was dropped",
+        )?;
+        return Ok(None);
+    };
+    Ok(Some(json!({
+        "type": "json_schema",
+        "json_schema": {
+            // Anthropic identifies the schema by position; the neutral shape needs a name.
+            "name": "response",
+            "schema": schema.clone(),
+        },
+    })))
+}
+
 /// Maps the neutral OpenAI-shaped JSON schema to Anthropic's output format.
 fn encode_anthropic_output_format(
     response_format: &Value,
diff --git a/crates/switchyard-translation/tests/request_translation.rs b/crates/switchyard-translation/tests/request_translation.rs
index b7c4121a9..580fba3d0 100644
--- a/crates/switchyard-translation/tests/request_translation.rs
+++ b/crates/switchyard-translation/tests/request_translation.rs
@@ -1403,6 +1403,138 @@ fn openai_request_translates_system_developer_and_reasoning_to_anthropic() -> Te
     Ok(())
 }
 
+// Builds an Anthropic request whose structured output uses the given field shape.
+fn anthropic_structured_output_request(output: Value) -> Value {
+    let mut body = json!({
+        "model": "captured-model",
+        "max_tokens": 64,
+        "messages": [{"role": "user", "content": "ping"}]
+    });
+    let object = body.as_object_mut().expect("request object");
+    for (key, value) in output.as_object().expect("output object") {
+        object.insert(key.clone(), value.clone());
+    }
+    body
+}
+
+fn city_schema() -> Value {
+    json!({
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {"city": {"type": "string"}},
+        "required": ["city"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+    })
+}
+
+// Anthropic carries structured output in `output_config.format`, with the top-level
+// `output_format` as the earlier beta spelling it still accepts. The neutral contract
+// is OpenAI-shaped, so an ingress schema has to survive into `response_format` or the
+// upstream is never asked for structured output. A shape that cannot be mapped is
+// reported rather than forwarded unconstrained, and reasoning effort shares
+// `output_config`, so reading the schema must leave it alone.
+#[test]
+fn anthropic_structured_output_maps_to_openai_response_format() -> TestResult {
+    let engine = TranslationEngine::default();
+    let format = json!({"type": "json_schema", "schema": city_schema()});
+    let stale = json!({"type": "json_schema", "schema": {"type": "object"}});
+    let cases: Vec<(&str, Value, Option<Value>, Option<&str>)> = vec![
+        (
+            "current field, alongside effort",
+            json!({"output_config": {"effort": "high", "format": format}}),
+            Some(city_schema()),
+            Some("high"),
+        ),
+        (
+            "legacy beta field",
+            json!({"output_format": format}),
+            Some(city_schema()),
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "current field wins over legacy",
+            json!({"output_config": {"format": format}, "output_format": stale}),
+            Some(city_schema()),
+            None,
+        ),
+        ("no structured output", json!({}), None, None),
+        (
+            "unsupported format type",
+            json!({"output_config": {"format": {"type": "json_object"}}}),
+            None,
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "schema is not an object",
+            json!({"output_config": {"format": {"type": "json_schema", "schema": "nope"}}}),
+            None,
+            None,
+        ),
+    ];
+
+    for (label, output, expected_schema, expected_effort) in cases {
+        let translated = engine.translate_request(
+            WireFormat::AnthropicMessages,
+            WireFormat::OpenAiChat,
+            &anthropic_structured_output_request(output.clone()),
+            &TranslationPolicy::default(),
+        )?;
+        let response_format = translated.body.get("response_format");
+
+        match &expected_schema {
+            Some(schema) => {
+                let response_format = response_format.ok_or(label)?;
+                assert_eq!(response_format["json_schema"]["schema"], *schema, "{label}");
+                assert!(
+                    response_format["json_schema"]["name"]
+                        .as_str()
+                        .is_some_and(|name| !name.is_empty()),
+                    "{label}"
+                );
+            }
+            None => assert!(response_format.is_none(), "{label}"),
+        }
+        if let Some(effort) = expected_effort {
+            assert_eq!(translated.body["reasoning_effort"], effort, "{label}");
+        }
+
+        // A format that was present but unmapped is the only case that must report.
+        let unmapped = expected_schema.is_none() && output.get("output_config").is_some();
+        assert_eq!(
+            translated
+                .diagnostics
+                .iter()
+                .any(|diagnostic| diagnostic.message.contains("Anthropic structured output")),
+            unmapped,
+            "{label}"
+        );
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+// Strict callers get an error instead of an unconstrained upstream request.
+#[test]
+fn anthropic_unmappable_output_format_is_rejected_under_strict_policy() -> TestResult {
+    let engine = TranslationEngine::default();
+    let policy = TranslationPolicy {
+        lossy_conversion_policy: LossyConversionPolicy::Reject,
+        ..TranslationPolicy::default()
+    };
+    let body = anthropic_structured_output_request(json!({
+        "output_config": {"format": {"type": "json_object"}}
+    }));
+
+    match engine.translate_request(
+        WireFormat::AnthropicMessages,
+        WireFormat::OpenAiChat,
+        &body,
+        &policy,
+    ) {
+        Ok(_) => panic!("an unmappable output format should be rejected by strict policy"),
+        Err(error) => assert_eq!(error.kind(), "LossyConversion"),
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 // Verifies Anthropic receives its supported schema subset without mutating the neutral contract.
 #[test]
 fn openai_schema_constraints_are_removed_from_anthropic_output_format() -> TestResult {