diff --git a/scripts/actions/autofix/extract_python_vulns.py b/scripts/actions/autofix/extract_python_vulns.py
index f26a099..a6de767 100644
--- a/scripts/actions/autofix/extract_python_vulns.py
+++ b/scripts/actions/autofix/extract_python_vulns.py
@@ -4,9 +4,63 @@
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
 
+try:
+    import tomllib
+except ImportError:
+    try:
+        import tomli as tomllib  # type: ignore[no-redef]
+    except ImportError:
+        tomllib = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+
+def extract_parents_from_lock(target_pkgs: list[str], lock_path: Path) -> list[str]:
+    """Inspects poetry.lock and returns direct parent packages declaring any target_pkgs."""
+    if not lock_path.exists() or tomllib is None:
+        return []
+
+    targets = {p.strip().lower() for p in target_pkgs if p.strip()}
+    if not targets:
+        return []
+
+    try:
+        with open(lock_path, "rb") as f:
+            data = tomllib.load(f)
+
+        parents: list[str] = []
+        for pkg in data.get("package", []):
+            pkg_name = pkg.get("name", "")
+            if not pkg_name or pkg_name.lower() in targets:
+                continue
+
+            deps = pkg.get("dependencies", {})
+            dep_names = {k.lower() for k in deps.keys()}
+            if any(t in dep_names for t in targets):
+                parents.append(pkg_name)
+
+        return list(dict.fromkeys(parents))
+    except Exception:
+        return []
+
 
 def main() -> int:
-    json_path = Path(sys.argv[1]) if len(sys.argv) > 1 else Path("pip-audit-findings.json")
+    args = sys.argv[1:]
+
+    if "--parents-of" in args:
+        idx = args.index("--parents-of")
+        targets_raw = args[idx + 1 :] if idx + 1 < len(args) else []
+        flat_targets: list[str] = []
+        for item in targets_raw:
+            flat_targets.extend(item.replace(",", " ").split())
+
+        lock_path = Path("poetry.lock")
+        if not lock_path.exists() and Path("ml/poetry.lock").exists():
+            lock_path = Path("ml/poetry.lock")
+
+        parents = extract_parents_from_lock(flat_targets, lock_path)
+        print(" ".join(parents))
+        return 0
+
+    json_path = Path(args[0]) if args else Path("pip-audit-findings.json")
     if not json_path.exists():
         print("")
         return 0
diff --git a/scripts/actions/autofix/remediate_python.sh b/scripts/actions/autofix/remediate_python.sh
index a9162fd..c37d02e 100644
--- a/scripts/actions/autofix/remediate_python.sh
+++ b/scripts/actions/autofix/remediate_python.sh
@@ -21,9 +21,25 @@ poetry run pip-audit --format json --skip-editable > pip-audit-findings.json 2>/
 VULN_PKGS=$(python3 ../scripts/actions/autofix/extract_python_vulns.py pip-audit-findings.json)
 
 if [ -n "$VULN_PKGS" ]; then
-  echo "Dynamically detected vulnerable Python packages: $VULN_PKGS"
+  echo "Tier 1: Dynamically detected vulnerable Python packages: $VULN_PKGS"
   # shellcheck disable=SC2086
   poetry update $VULN_PKGS
+
+  # Re-audit to verify if any packages remain unpatched due to transitive parent constraints
+  echo "Checking if any vulnerabilities persist after Tier 1 update..."
+  poetry run pip-audit --format json --skip-editable > pip-audit-findings.json 2>/dev/null || true
+  REMAINING_VULNS=$(python3 ../scripts/actions/autofix/extract_python_vulns.py pip-audit-findings.json)
+
+  if [ -n "$REMAINING_VULNS" ]; then
+    echo "Vulnerabilities still present after leaf update: $REMAINING_VULNS"
+    # shellcheck disable=SC2086
+    PARENT_PKGS=$(python3 ../scripts/actions/autofix/extract_python_vulns.py --parents-of $REMAINING_VULNS)
+    if [ -n "$PARENT_PKGS" ]; then
+      echo "Tier 2: Expanding update to include constraining parent packages: $PARENT_PKGS"
+      # shellcheck disable=SC2086
+      poetry update $REMAINING_VULNS $PARENT_PKGS
+    fi
+  fi
 else
   echo "No additional vulnerable Python packages detected by dynamic extractor."
 fi