diff --git a/lang/python/lib.go b/lang/python/lib.go
index 34415562..53324375 100644
--- a/lang/python/lib.go
+++ b/lang/python/lib.go
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ package python
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"os"
 	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -33,6 +35,86 @@ const lspUrl = "https://github.com/Hoblovski/python-lsp-server.git"
 const lspBranch = "abc"
 const lspPath = "pylsp"
 
+func pylspInstallPath() (string, error) {
+	cacheDir, err := os.UserCacheDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("find user cache directory: %w", err)
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(cacheDir, "abcoder", lspPath), nil
+}
+
+func validatePylspSource(path string) error {
+	info, err := os.Stat(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("inspect cached pylsp path %q: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	if !info.IsDir() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cached pylsp path %q is not a directory", path)
+	}
+	gitInfo, gitErr := os.Stat(filepath.Join(path, ".git"))
+	if gitErr != nil || !gitInfo.IsDir() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cached pylsp path %q is not a git checkout", path)
+	}
+	projectInfo, projectErr := os.Stat(filepath.Join(path, "pyproject.toml"))
+	if projectErr != nil || projectInfo.IsDir() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cached pylsp checkout %q has no pyproject.toml", path)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func clonePylspSource(path string) error {
+	log.Error("Installing pylsp... Now running git clone -b %s %s %s", lspBranch, lspUrl, path)
+	if output, err := exec.Command("git", "clone", "-b", lspBranch, lspUrl, path).CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("clone pylsp into %q: %w: %s", path, err, strings.TrimSpace(string(output)))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func ensurePylspSourceWithClone(path string, clone func(string) error) error {
+	if _, err := os.Stat(path); err == nil {
+		if err := validatePylspSource(path); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		log.Info("Reusing cached pylsp checkout at %s", path)
+		return nil
+	} else if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("inspect cached pylsp path %q: %w", path, err)
+	}
+
+	parent := filepath.Dir(path)
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(parent, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create pylsp cache directory: %w", err)
+	}
+	tempPath, err := os.MkdirTemp(parent, ".pylsp-clone-")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create temporary pylsp checkout: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := os.RemoveAll(tempPath); err != nil {
+			log.Error("failed to clean up temporary pylsp checkout %s: %v", tempPath, err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if err := clone(tempPath); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := validatePylspSource(tempPath); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("validate cloned pylsp checkout: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Rename(tempPath, path); err != nil {
+		if validationErr := validatePylspSource(path); validationErr == nil {
+			log.Info("Reusing pylsp checkout installed concurrently at %s", path)
+			return nil
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("publish pylsp checkout at %q: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func ensurePylspSource(path string) error {
+	return ensurePylspSourceWithClone(path, clonePylspSource)
+}
+
 func CheckPythonVersion() error {
 	// Check python3 command availability and get version.
 	output, err := exec.Command("python3", "--version").CombinedOutput()
@@ -66,15 +148,18 @@ func InstallLanguageServer() (string, error) {
 		log.Error("python version check failed: %v", err)
 		return "", err
 	}
-	// git clone
-	log.Error("Installing pylsp... Now running git clone -b %s %s %s", lspBranch, lspUrl, lspPath)
-	if err := exec.Command("git", "clone", "-b", lspBranch, lspUrl, lspPath).Run(); err != nil {
-		log.Error("git clone failed: %v", err)
+	path, err := pylspInstallPath()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("failed to determine pylsp install path: %v", err)
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if err := ensurePylspSource(path); err != nil {
+		log.Error("failed to prepare pylsp source: %v", err)
 		return "", err
 	}
-	// python -m pip install -e projectRoot/pylsp
+	// Install the cached checkout in editable mode.
 	log.Error("Installing pylsp via pip. This might take some time, make sure the network connection is ok.")
-	if err := exec.Command("python3", "-m", "pip", "install", "--break-system-packages", "-e", lspPath).Run(); err != nil {
+	if err := exec.Command("python3", "-m", "pip", "install", "--break-system-packages", "-e", path).Run(); err != nil {
 		log.Error("python3 -m pip install failed: %v", err)
 		return "", err
 	}
diff --git a/lang/python/lib_test.go b/lang/python/lib_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..235d4c70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/python/lib_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+// Copyright 2026 CloudWeGo Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package python
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestPylspInstallPathUsesUserCache(t *testing.T) {
+	cacheDir, err := os.UserCacheDir()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	got, err := pylspInstallPath()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, filepath.Join(cacheDir, "abcoder", "pylsp"), got)
+	require.True(t, filepath.IsAbs(got))
+}
+
+func TestEnsurePylspSourceReusesCachedCheckout(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "abcoder", "pylsp")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(path, ".git"), 0o755))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(path, "pyproject.toml"), nil, 0o600))
+
+	require.NoError(t, ensurePylspSource(path))
+}
+
+func TestEnsurePylspSourceRejectsInvalidCacheDirectory(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "abcoder", "pylsp")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(path, 0o755))
+
+	err := ensurePylspSource(path)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "not a git checkout")
+}
+
+func TestEnsurePylspSourcePublishesConcurrentCloneAtomically(t *testing.T) {
+	parent := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "abcoder")
+	path := filepath.Join(parent, "pylsp")
+	ready := make(chan struct{}, 2)
+	release := make(chan struct{})
+	clone := func(tempPath string) error {
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(tempPath, ".git"), 0o755); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tempPath, "pyproject.toml"), nil, 0o600); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		ready <- struct{}{}
+		<-release
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	errs := make(chan error, 2)
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for range 2 {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			errs <- ensurePylspSourceWithClone(path, clone)
+		}()
+	}
+	<-ready
+	<-ready
+	close(release)
+	wg.Wait()
+	close(errs)
+
+	for err := range errs {
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, validatePylspSource(path))
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir(parent)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, entries, 1)
+	require.Equal(t, "pylsp", entries[0].Name())
+}
+
+func TestEnsurePylspSourceCleansUpInterruptedClone(t *testing.T) {
+	parent := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "abcoder")
+	path := filepath.Join(parent, "pylsp")
+	cloneErr := errors.New("clone interrupted")
+
+	err := ensurePylspSourceWithClone(path, func(tempPath string) error {
+		require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(tempPath, ".git"), 0o755))
+		return cloneErr
+	})
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, cloneErr)
+	_, err = os.Stat(path)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, os.ErrNotExist)
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir(parent)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Empty(t, entries)
+}
diff --git a/lang/python/spec.go b/lang/python/spec.go
index 85c4aebd..10f6eff9 100644
--- a/lang/python/spec.go
+++ b/lang/python/spec.go
@@ -63,21 +63,7 @@ func (c *PythonSpec) WorkSpace(root string) (map[string]string, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	num_projfiles := 0
-	scanner := func(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		base := filepath.Base(path)
-		if base == "pyproject.toml" {
-			num_projfiles++
-			if num_projfiles > 1 {
-				panic("multiple pyproject.toml files found")
-			}
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-	if err := filepath.Walk(root, scanner); err != nil {
+	if _, err := os.Stat(absPath); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
diff --git a/lang/python/spec_test.go b/lang/python/spec_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..293bf1ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/python/spec_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright 2026 CloudWeGo Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package python
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestPythonSpecWorkSpaceAllowsNestedPyprojectFiles(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(root, "pyproject.toml"), nil, 0o600))
+	nested := filepath.Join(root, "vendor", "pylsp")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(nested, 0o755))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(nested, "pyproject.toml"), nil, 0o600))
+
+	modules, err := (&PythonSpec{}).WorkSpace(root)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	absRoot, err := filepath.Abs(root)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, map[string]string{"current": absRoot}, modules)
+}
+
+func TestPythonSpecWorkSpaceRejectsMissingRoot(t *testing.T) {
+	missing := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "missing")
+
+	modules, err := (&PythonSpec{}).WorkSpace(missing)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, modules)
+}