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Convert most remaining CI scripts to TypeScript in `pr-checks` #8649

Job	Run time
Ruby analysis (macos-latest, default)	54s
Ruby analysis (ubuntu-latest, nightly-latest)	36s
Ruby analysis (macos-latest, nightly-latest)	1m 2s
Ruby analysis (ubuntu-latest, linked)	46s
Ruby analysis (macos-latest, linked)	59s
Ruby analysis (ubuntu-latest, default)	43s
	5m 0s