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Improve `pr-checks.yml` triggers and conditions #9381

Job	Run time
Ruby analysis (macos-latest, default)	1m 17s
Ruby analysis (macos-latest, nightly-latest)	1m 12s
Ruby analysis (ubuntu-latest, default)	40s
Ruby analysis (ubuntu-latest, linked)	40s
Ruby analysis (macos-latest, linked)	1m 13s
Ruby analysis (ubuntu-latest, nightly-latest)	42s
	5m 44s