diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 6492fa16..9baa1026 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ eui48 = { version = "1.1", default-features = false }
 windows-sys = { version = "0.61", features = ["Win32_System_Threading"] }
 
 [target.'cfg(not(target_os = "windows"))'.dev-dependencies]
-tun-tap = "0.1.3"
+tun-rs = "2.8"
 
 [build-dependencies]
 libloading = "0.8"
diff --git a/msrv.lock b/msrv.lock
index 2148d849..6a903542 100644
--- a/msrv.lock
+++ b/msrv.lock
@@ -31,15 +31,15 @@ checksum = "f2032f911046de80f0a198e0901378627c33f59ea0ac00e363d481118bd70a53"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
-version = "1.3.2"
+version = "2.13.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bef38d45163c2f1dde094a7dfd33ccf595c92905c8f8f4fdc18d06fb1037718a"
+checksum = "b588b76d00fde79687d7646a9b5bdf3cc0f655e0bbd080335a95d7e96f3587da"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "bitflags"
-version = "2.13.1"
+name = "bumpalo"
+version = "3.20.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b588b76d00fde79687d7646a9b5bdf3cc0f655e0bbd080335a95d7e96f3587da"
+checksum = "72f5acc6cb2ba439de613abc23857ec3d78374d8ed5ac84e9d11336e87da8649"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "byteorder"
@@ -49,29 +49,9 @@ checksum = "1fd0f2584146f6f2ef48085050886acf353beff7305ebd1ae69500e27c67f64b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytes"
-version = "0.4.12"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "206fdffcfa2df7cbe15601ef46c813fce0965eb3286db6b56c583b814b51c81c"
-dependencies = [
- "byteorder",
- "iovec",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "cc"
-version = "1.4.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "509591b7bcd67f4ef775afad7662703b4935daaa6ec0e5605cfb1090b32a2b6d"
-dependencies = [
- "find-msvc-tools",
- "shlex",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "cfg-if"
-version = "0.1.10"
+version = "1.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4785bdd1c96b2a846b2bd7cc02e86b6b3dbf14e7e53446c4f54c92a361040822"
+checksum = "fc652a48c352aef3ea3aed32080501cf3ef6ed5da78602a020c991775b0aff04"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cfg-if"
@@ -80,68 +60,42 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9330f8b2ff13f34540b44e946ef35111825727b38d33286ef986142615121801"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "cloudabi"
-version = "0.0.3"
+name = "cfg_aliases"
+version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ddfc5b9aa5d4507acaf872de71051dfd0e309860e88966e1051e462a077aac4f"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags 1.3.2",
-]
+checksum = "f079e83a288787bcd14a6aea84cee5c87a67c5a3e660c30f557a3d24761b3527"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "crossbeam-deque"
-version = "0.7.4"
+name = "core-foundation"
+version = "0.10.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c20ff29ded3204c5106278a81a38f4b482636ed4fa1e6cfbeef193291beb29ed"
+checksum = "b2a6cd9ae233e7f62ba4e9353e81a88df7fc8a5987b8d445b4d90c879bd156f6"
 dependencies = [
- "crossbeam-epoch",
- "crossbeam-utils",
- "maybe-uninit",
+ "core-foundation-sys",
+ "libc",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "crossbeam-epoch"
-version = "0.8.2"
+name = "core-foundation-sys"
+version = "0.8.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "058ed274caafc1f60c4997b5fc07bf7dc7cca454af7c6e81edffe5f33f70dace"
-dependencies = [
- "autocfg",
- "cfg-if 0.1.10",
- "crossbeam-utils",
- "lazy_static",
- "maybe-uninit",
- "memoffset",
- "scopeguard",
-]
+checksum = "773648b94d0e5d620f64f280777445740e61fe701025087ec8b57f45c791888b"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "crossbeam-queue"
-version = "0.2.3"
+name = "downcast"
+version = "0.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "774ba60a54c213d409d5353bda12d49cd68d14e45036a285234c8d6f91f92570"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 0.1.10",
- "crossbeam-utils",
- "maybe-uninit",
-]
+checksum = "1435fa1053d8b2fbbe9be7e97eca7f33d37b28409959813daefc1446a14247f1"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "crossbeam-utils"
-version = "0.7.2"
+name = "encoding_rs"
+version = "0.8.35"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c3c7c73a2d1e9fc0886a08b93e98eb643461230d5f1925e4036204d5f2e261a8"
+checksum = "75030f3c4f45dafd7586dd6780965a8c7e8e285a5ecb86713e63a79c5b2766f3"
 dependencies = [
- "autocfg",
- "cfg-if 0.1.10",
- "lazy_static",
+ "cfg-if",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "downcast"
-version = "0.11.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1435fa1053d8b2fbbe9be7e97eca7f33d37b28409959813daefc1446a14247f1"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "errno"
 version = "0.3.14"
@@ -175,18 +129,21 @@ name = "fastrand"
 version = "2.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "da7c62ceae207dd37ea5b845da6a0696c799f85e97da1ab5b7910be3c1c80223"
+dependencies = [
+ "getrandom",
+]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "find-msvc-tools"
-version = "0.1.11"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d45db016d36b838f563236e9193d0ee6ce38f3f68b6c94e914b4929c96bbb890"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "fnv"
-version = "1.0.7"
+name = "flume"
+version = "0.12.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3f9eec918d3f24069decb9af1554cad7c880e2da24a9afd88aca000531ab82c1"
+checksum = "5e139bc46ca777eb5efaf62df0ab8cc5fd400866427e56c68b22e414e53bd3be"
+dependencies = [
+ "fastrand",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-sink",
+ "spin",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fragile"
@@ -197,28 +154,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "fuchsia-zircon"
-version = "0.3.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2e9763c69ebaae630ba35f74888db465e49e259ba1bc0eda7d06f4a067615d82"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags 1.3.2",
- "fuchsia-zircon-sys",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "fuchsia-zircon-sys"
-version = "0.3.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3dcaa9ae7725d12cdb85b3ad99a434db70b468c09ded17e012d86b5c1010f7a7"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "futures"
-version = "0.1.31"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3a471a38ef8ed83cd6e40aa59c1ffe17db6855c18e3604d9c4ed8c08ebc28678"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "futures"
 version = "0.3.34"
@@ -328,46 +263,44 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "getrandom"
-version = "0.4.3"
+name = "getifaddrs"
+version = "0.6.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "300e883d756b2e4ec94e02791f39b04b522276138852cfc41d9fb7e904106099"
+checksum = "a542e1b7ac1f3d62c5777d430d66eca9cb59e813c46b86e29fa9ce94ff9a4810"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.4",
+ "bitflags",
  "libc",
- "r-efi",
+ "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "hermit-abi"
-version = "0.5.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fc0fef456e4baa96da950455cd02c081ca953b141298e41db3fc7e36b1da849c"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "iovec"
-version = "0.1.4"
+name = "getrandom"
+version = "0.4.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b2b3ea6ff95e175473f8ffe6a7eb7c00d054240321b84c57051175fe3c1e075e"
+checksum = "300e883d756b2e4ec94e02791f39b04b522276138852cfc41d9fb7e904106099"
 dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "js-sys",
  "libc",
+ "r-efi",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "kernel32-sys"
-version = "0.2.2"
+name = "ipnet"
+version = "2.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7507624b29483431c0ba2d82aece8ca6cdba9382bff4ddd0f7490560c056098d"
-dependencies = [
- "winapi 0.2.8",
- "winapi-build",
-]
+checksum = "6a756c3fac73139e83f14c2d742155dd2b78d3ee56597b419a0579b7bdd6dd78"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "lazy_static"
-version = "1.5.0"
+name = "js-sys"
+version = "0.3.104"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bbd2bcb4c963f2ddae06a2efc7e9f3591312473c50c6685e1f298068316e66fe"
+checksum = "0e0c1080212aad755ea003d18543e8768dd432c48819efd73a7bf1e39b7a5a3a"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
@@ -381,8 +314,18 @@ version = "0.8.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d7c4b02199fee7c5d21a5ae7d8cfa79a6ef5bb2fc834d6e9058e89c825efdc55"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.4",
- "windows-link",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "windows-link 0.2.1",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "libloading"
+version = "0.9.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "754ca22de805bb5744484a5b151a9e1a8e837d5dc232c2d7d8c2e3492edc8b60"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "windows-link 0.2.1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -393,9 +336,9 @@ checksum = "32a66949e030da00e8c7d4434b251670a91556f4144941d37452769c25d58a53"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lock_api"
-version = "0.3.4"
+version = "0.4.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c4da24a77a3d8a6d4862d95f72e6fdb9c09a643ecdb402d754004a557f2bec75"
+checksum = "224399e74b87b5f3557511d98dff8b14089b3dadafcab6bb93eab67d3aace965"
 dependencies = [
  "scopeguard",
 ]
@@ -406,12 +349,6 @@ version = "0.4.33"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0ceec5bc11778974d1bcb055b18002eba7f4b3518b6a0081b3af5f21666da9ad"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "maybe-uninit"
-version = "2.0.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "60302e4db3a61da70c0cb7991976248362f30319e88850c487b9b95bbf059e00"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "memchr"
 version = "2.8.3"
@@ -420,32 +357,13 @@ checksum = "cf8baf1c55e62ffcace7a9f06f4bd9cd3f0c4beb022d3b367256b91b87513d98"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "memoffset"
-version = "0.5.6"
+version = "0.9.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "043175f069eda7b85febe4a74abbaeff828d9f8b448515d3151a14a3542811aa"
+checksum = "488016bfae457b036d996092f6cb448677611ce4449e970ceaf42695203f218a"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "mio"
-version = "0.6.23"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4afd66f5b91bf2a3bc13fad0e21caedac168ca4c707504e75585648ae80e4cc4"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 0.1.10",
- "fuchsia-zircon",
- "fuchsia-zircon-sys",
- "iovec",
- "kernel32-sys",
- "libc",
- "log",
- "miow",
- "net2",
- "slab",
- "winapi 0.2.8",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "mio"
 version = "1.2.2"
@@ -457,36 +375,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "mio-uds"
-version = "0.6.8"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "afcb699eb26d4332647cc848492bbc15eafb26f08d0304550d5aa1f612e066f0"
-dependencies = [
- "iovec",
- "libc",
- "mio 0.6.23",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "miow"
-version = "0.2.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ebd808424166322d4a38da87083bfddd3ac4c131334ed55856112eb06d46944d"
-dependencies = [
- "kernel32-sys",
- "net2",
- "winapi 0.2.8",
- "ws2_32-sys",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "mockall"
 version = "0.15.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1a6ceddfe3ce334925e96bf420fdb2dcee5bed6c632a168ece622676dadeaf8a"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.4",
+ "cfg-if",
  "downcast",
  "fragile",
  "mockall_derive",
@@ -500,84 +395,134 @@ version = "0.15.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9cfe16fbe8a314aeec0b861ac24e60b1e123e97634bab045475b9d6a18416fd8"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.4",
+ "cfg-if",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "syn 2.0.119",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "net2"
-version = "0.2.39"
+name = "netconfig-rs"
+version = "0.1.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b13b648036a2339d06de780866fbdfda0dde886de7b3af2ddeba8b14f4ee34ac"
+checksum = "733ad7a1352f0748a620368f2ea5cd94f0e449c5108fbac86ace31df1601bf6f"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 0.1.10",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "core-foundation",
+ "ipnet",
  "libc",
- "winapi 0.3.9",
+ "netlink-packet-core",
+ "netlink-packet-route 0.25.1",
+ "netlink-sys",
+ "nix 0.30.1",
+ "scopeguard",
+ "system-configuration-sys",
+ "thiserror",
+ "widestring",
+ "windows",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "netlink-packet-core"
+version = "0.8.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b897d7bd4f0af82e68d40d0344cf37e97f9c97ddf74a098de3e4da05e96ca395"
+dependencies = [
+ "paste",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "num_cpus"
-version = "1.17.0"
+name = "netlink-packet-route"
+version = "0.25.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "91df4bbde75afed763b708b7eee1e8e7651e02d97f6d5dd763e89367e957b23b"
+checksum = "3ec2f5b6839be2a19d7fa5aab5bc444380f6311c2b693551cb80f45caaa7b5ef"
 dependencies = [
- "hermit-abi",
+ "bitflags",
  "libc",
+ "log",
+ "netlink-packet-core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "once_cell"
-version = "1.21.4"
+name = "netlink-packet-route"
+version = "0.31.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9f7c3e4beb33f85d45ae3e3a1792185706c8e16d043238c593331cc7cd313b50"
+checksum = "e2288fcb784eb3defd5fb16f4c4160d5f477de192eac730f43e1d11c24d9a007"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags",
+ "libc",
+ "log",
+ "netlink-packet-core",
+]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "parking_lot"
-version = "0.9.0"
+name = "netlink-sys"
+version = "0.8.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f842b1982eb6c2fe34036a4fbfb06dd185a3f5c8edfaacdf7d1ea10b07de6252"
+checksum = "cd6c30ed10fa69cc491d491b85cc971f6bdeb8e7367b7cde2ee6cc878d583fae"
 dependencies = [
- "lock_api",
- "parking_lot_core",
- "rustc_version",
+ "bytes",
+ "libc",
+ "log",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "nix"
+version = "0.30.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "74523f3a35e05aba87a1d978330aef40f67b0304ac79c1c00b294c9830543db6"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cfg_aliases",
+ "libc",
+ "memoffset",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "parking_lot_core"
-version = "0.6.3"
+name = "nix"
+version = "0.31.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bda66b810a62be75176a80873726630147a5ca780cd33921e0b5709033e66b0a"
+checksum = "cf20d2fde8ff38632c426f1165ed7436270b44f199fc55284c38276f9db47c3d"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 0.1.10",
- "cloudabi",
+ "bitflags",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cfg_aliases",
  "libc",
- "redox_syscall",
- "rustc_version",
- "smallvec",
- "winapi 0.3.9",
+ "memoffset",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "once_cell"
+version = "1.21.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9f7c3e4beb33f85d45ae3e3a1792185706c8e16d043238c593331cc7cd313b50"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "paste"
+version = "1.0.15"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "57c0d7b74b563b49d38dae00a0c37d4d6de9b432382b2892f0574ddcae73fd0a"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pcap"
 version = "3.0.0"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.13.1",
+ "bitflags",
  "errno",
  "etherparse",
  "eui48",
- "futures 0.3.34",
+ "futures",
  "gat-std",
  "libc",
- "libloading",
+ "libloading 0.8.9",
  "mockall",
  "once_cell",
  "pkg-config",
  "regex",
  "tempfile",
- "tokio 1.53.1",
- "tun-tap",
+ "tokio",
+ "tun-rs",
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
@@ -643,12 +588,6 @@ version = "6.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f8dcc9c7d52a811697d2151c701e0d08956f92b0e24136cf4cf27b57a6a0d9bf"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "redox_syscall"
-version = "0.1.57"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "41cc0f7e4d5d4544e8861606a285bb08d3e70712ccc7d2b84d7c0ccfaf4b05ce"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "regex"
 version = "1.13.1"
@@ -679,12 +618,17 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d6f6ff9a378485b298a5286656da665ba74413d36db0979633275d2e708145d4"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "rustc_version"
-version = "0.2.3"
+name = "route_manager"
+version = "0.2.13"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "138e3e0acb6c9fb258b19b67cb8abd63c00679d2851805ea151465464fe9030a"
+checksum = "e06d678f16f191d7232488ef782418aafb953bccfc6c38d28255ed6610c18dce"
 dependencies = [
- "semver",
+ "flume",
+ "libc",
+ "netlink-packet-core",
+ "netlink-packet-route 0.31.0",
+ "netlink-sys",
+ "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -693,7 +637,7 @@ version = "1.1.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b6fe4565b9518b83ef4f91bb47ce29620ca828bd32cb7e408f0062e9930ba190"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.13.1",
+ "bitflags",
  "errno",
  "libc",
  "linux-raw-sys",
@@ -701,10 +645,10 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "scoped-tls"
-version = "0.1.2"
+name = "rustversion"
+version = "1.0.23"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "332ffa32bf586782a3efaeb58f127980944bbc8c4d6913a86107ac2a5ab24b28"
+checksum = "cf54715a573b99ac80df0bc206da022bcd442c974952c7b9720069370852e21f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "scopeguard"
@@ -712,42 +656,12 @@ version = "1.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "94143f37725109f92c262ed2cf5e59bce7498c01bcc1502d7b9afe439a4e9f49"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "semver"
-version = "0.9.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1d7eb9ef2c18661902cc47e535f9bc51b78acd254da71d375c2f6720d9a40403"
-dependencies = [
- "semver-parser",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "semver-parser"
-version = "0.7.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "388a1df253eca08550bef6c72392cfe7c30914bf41df5269b68cbd6ff8f570a3"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "shlex"
-version = "2.0.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f8fadd59c855ef2080decdef8ff161eb6661b86933c9d82e5ba29dc602a55aba"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "slab"
 version = "0.4.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0c790de23124f9ab44544d7ac05d60440adc586479ce501c1d6d7da3cd8c9cf5"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "smallvec"
-version = "0.6.14"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b97fcaeba89edba30f044a10c6a3cc39df9c3f17d7cd829dd1446cab35f890e0"
-dependencies = [
- "maybe-uninit",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "socket2"
 version = "0.6.5"
@@ -758,6 +672,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "spin"
+version = "0.9.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3763264f6b73151db08c50ff20d7d8a0b8796e021cdea7ceedad07b80155fa0e"
+dependencies = [
+ "lock_api",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
 version = "1.0.109"
@@ -791,6 +714,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "system-configuration-sys"
+version = "0.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8e1d1b10ced5ca923a1fcb8d03e96b8d3268065d724548c0211415ff6ac6bac4"
+dependencies = [
+ "core-foundation-sys",
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tempfile"
 version = "3.27.0"
@@ -811,27 +744,23 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8f50febec83f5ee1df3015341d8bd429f2d1cc62bcba7ea2076759d315084683"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tokio"
-version = "0.1.22"
+name = "thiserror"
+version = "2.0.20"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5a09c0b5bb588872ab2f09afa13ee6e9dac11e10a0ec9e8e3ba39a5a5d530af6"
+checksum = "ec86235f5fcc2a73650310756d2ac5b138a5780bbbdfae3eeccec992c435ba4f"
 dependencies = [
- "bytes",
- "futures 0.1.31",
- "mio 0.6.23",
- "num_cpus",
- "tokio-codec",
- "tokio-current-thread",
- "tokio-executor",
- "tokio-fs",
- "tokio-io",
- "tokio-reactor",
- "tokio-sync",
- "tokio-tcp",
- "tokio-threadpool",
- "tokio-timer",
- "tokio-udp",
- "tokio-uds",
+ "thiserror-impl",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "thiserror-impl"
+version = "2.0.20"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bc04cd3e1236dd4a98afca4569f2deb3f120e5422a4023be2cb683f8486292af"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -841,7 +770,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "202caea871b69668250d242070849eb495be178ed697a3e98aebce5bc81a0bed"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "mio 1.2.2",
+ "mio",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "socket2",
  "tokio-macros",
@@ -849,257 +778,209 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tokio-codec"
-version = "0.1.2"
+name = "tokio-macros"
+version = "2.7.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "25b2998660ba0e70d18684de5d06b70b70a3a747469af9dea7618cc59e75976b"
+checksum = "78773a2a397f451582ce068015985c33193cf6dea8b74d2a639fe457b2f07b0e"
 dependencies = [
- "bytes",
- "futures 0.1.31",
- "tokio-io",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tokio-core"
-version = "0.1.18"
+name = "tun-rs"
+version = "2.8.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "87b1395334443abca552f63d4f61d0486f12377c2ba8b368e523f89e828cffd4"
+checksum = "bb50fdefaf791097b5559791cef2b2e9da2fad974809264d104cafbaa3efc452"
 dependencies = [
+ "byteorder",
  "bytes",
- "futures 0.1.31",
- "iovec",
+ "encoding_rs",
+ "getifaddrs",
+ "ipnet",
+ "libc",
+ "libloading 0.9.0",
  "log",
- "mio 0.6.23",
- "scoped-tls",
- "tokio 0.1.22",
- "tokio-executor",
- "tokio-io",
- "tokio-reactor",
- "tokio-timer",
+ "netconfig-rs",
+ "nix 0.31.3",
+ "route_manager",
+ "scopeguard",
+ "widestring",
+ "windows-sys",
+ "winreg",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tokio-current-thread"
-version = "0.1.7"
+name = "unicode-ident"
+version = "1.0.24"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b1de0e32a83f131e002238d7ccde18211c0a5397f60cbfffcb112868c2e0e20e"
-dependencies = [
- "futures 0.1.31",
- "tokio-executor",
-]
+checksum = "e6e4313cd5fcd3dad5cafa179702e2b244f760991f45397d14d4ebf38247da75"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tokio-executor"
-version = "0.1.10"
+name = "wasi"
+version = "0.11.1+wasi-snapshot-preview1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fb2d1b8f4548dbf5e1f7818512e9c406860678f29c300cdf0ebac72d1a3a1671"
-dependencies = [
- "crossbeam-utils",
- "futures 0.1.31",
-]
+checksum = "ccf3ec651a847eb01de73ccad15eb7d99f80485de043efb2f370cd654f4ea44b"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tokio-fs"
-version = "0.1.7"
+name = "wasm-bindgen"
+version = "0.2.127"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "297a1206e0ca6302a0eed35b700d292b275256f596e2f3fea7729d5e629b6ff4"
+checksum = "1b70935747edd64d89de3efa29d73789b806c15798f8e7dca4d8ac356b50ce70"
 dependencies = [
- "futures 0.1.31",
- "tokio-io",
- "tokio-threadpool",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "once_cell",
+ "rustversion",
+ "wasm-bindgen-macro",
+ "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tokio-io"
-version = "0.1.13"
+name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
+version = "0.2.127"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "57fc868aae093479e3131e3d165c93b1c7474109d13c90ec0dda2a1bbfff0674"
+checksum = "77775f8f3f7217702089053b94958f8f54061a3f663417df76e19cbdcca29bc1"
 dependencies = [
- "bytes",
- "futures 0.1.31",
- "log",
+ "quote",
+ "wasm-bindgen-macro-support",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tokio-macros"
-version = "2.7.2"
+name = "wasm-bindgen-macro-support"
+version = "0.2.127"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "78773a2a397f451582ce068015985c33193cf6dea8b74d2a639fe457b2f07b0e"
+checksum = "e11d33f857dc2fb11b8bc75aee111aa9cbeb12cd9f25efd3d4c2a3dd4e235284"
 dependencies = [
+ "bumpalo",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 3.0.3",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
+ "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tokio-reactor"
-version = "0.1.12"
+name = "wasm-bindgen-shared"
+version = "0.2.127"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "09bc590ec4ba8ba87652da2068d150dcada2cfa2e07faae270a5e0409aa51351"
+checksum = "7ef64dbcc55df09c7e5a46182d181c2cfa3e925f3da937ea764728b4bbb9dcbf"
 dependencies = [
- "crossbeam-utils",
- "futures 0.1.31",
- "lazy_static",
- "log",
- "mio 0.6.23",
- "num_cpus",
- "parking_lot",
- "slab",
- "tokio-executor",
- "tokio-io",
- "tokio-sync",
+ "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tokio-sync"
-version = "0.1.8"
+name = "widestring"
+version = "1.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "edfe50152bc8164fcc456dab7891fa9bf8beaf01c5ee7e1dd43a397c3cf87dee"
-dependencies = [
- "fnv",
- "futures 0.1.31",
-]
+checksum = "72069c3113ab32ab29e5584db3c6ec55d416895e60715417b5b883a357c3e471"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tokio-tcp"
-version = "0.1.4"
+name = "windows"
+version = "0.61.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "98df18ed66e3b72e742f185882a9e201892407957e45fbff8da17ae7a7c51f72"
+checksum = "9babd3a767a4c1aef6900409f85f5d53ce2544ccdfaa86dad48c91782c6d6893"
 dependencies = [
- "bytes",
- "futures 0.1.31",
- "iovec",
- "mio 0.6.23",
- "tokio-io",
- "tokio-reactor",
+ "windows-collections",
+ "windows-core",
+ "windows-future",
+ "windows-link 0.1.3",
+ "windows-numerics",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tokio-threadpool"
-version = "0.1.18"
+name = "windows-collections"
+version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "df720b6581784c118f0eb4310796b12b1d242a7eb95f716a8367855325c25f89"
+checksum = "3beeceb5e5cfd9eb1d76b381630e82c4241ccd0d27f1a39ed41b2760b255c5e8"
 dependencies = [
- "crossbeam-deque",
- "crossbeam-queue",
- "crossbeam-utils",
- "futures 0.1.31",
- "lazy_static",
- "log",
- "num_cpus",
- "slab",
- "tokio-executor",
+ "windows-core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tokio-timer"
-version = "0.2.13"
+name = "windows-core"
+version = "0.61.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "93044f2d313c95ff1cb7809ce9a7a05735b012288a888b62d4434fd58c94f296"
+checksum = "c0fdd3ddb90610c7638aa2b3a3ab2904fb9e5cdbecc643ddb3647212781c4ae3"
 dependencies = [
- "crossbeam-utils",
- "futures 0.1.31",
- "slab",
- "tokio-executor",
+ "windows-implement",
+ "windows-interface",
+ "windows-link 0.1.3",
+ "windows-result",
+ "windows-strings",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tokio-udp"
-version = "0.1.6"
+name = "windows-future"
+version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e2a0b10e610b39c38b031a2fcab08e4b82f16ece36504988dcbd81dbba650d82"
+checksum = "fc6a41e98427b19fe4b73c550f060b59fa592d7d686537eebf9385621bfbad8e"
 dependencies = [
- "bytes",
- "futures 0.1.31",
- "log",
- "mio 0.6.23",
- "tokio-codec",
- "tokio-io",
- "tokio-reactor",
+ "windows-core",
+ "windows-link 0.1.3",
+ "windows-threading",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tokio-uds"
-version = "0.2.7"
+name = "windows-implement"
+version = "0.60.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ab57a4ac4111c8c9dbcf70779f6fc8bc35ae4b2454809febac840ad19bd7e4e0"
+checksum = "053e2e040ab57b9dc951b72c264860db7eb3b0200ba345b4e4c3b14f67855ddf"
 dependencies = [
- "bytes",
- "futures 0.1.31",
- "iovec",
- "libc",
- "log",
- "mio 0.6.23",
- "mio-uds",
- "tokio-codec",
- "tokio-io",
- "tokio-reactor",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tun-tap"
-version = "0.1.4"
+name = "windows-interface"
+version = "0.59.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9a477a4e9367c72ac875d23cd07ac99ffa932497d8428767fed0cfa27bbabe50"
+checksum = "3f316c4a2570ba26bbec722032c4099d8c8bc095efccdc15688708623367e358"
 dependencies = [
- "cc",
- "futures 0.1.31",
- "libc",
- "mio 0.6.23",
- "tokio-core",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "unicode-ident"
-version = "1.0.24"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e6e4313cd5fcd3dad5cafa179702e2b244f760991f45397d14d4ebf38247da75"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "wasi"
-version = "0.11.1+wasi-snapshot-preview1"
+name = "windows-link"
+version = "0.1.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ccf3ec651a847eb01de73ccad15eb7d99f80485de043efb2f370cd654f4ea44b"
+checksum = "5e6ad25900d524eaabdbbb96d20b4311e1e7ae1699af4fb28c17ae66c80d798a"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "winapi"
-version = "0.2.8"
+name = "windows-link"
+version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "167dc9d6949a9b857f3451275e911c3f44255842c1f7a76f33c55103a909087a"
+checksum = "f0805222e57f7521d6a62e36fa9163bc891acd422f971defe97d64e70d0a4fe5"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "winapi"
-version = "0.3.9"
+name = "windows-numerics"
+version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5c839a674fcd7a98952e593242ea400abe93992746761e38641405d28b00f419"
+checksum = "9150af68066c4c5c07ddc0ce30421554771e528bde427614c61038bc2c92c2b1"
 dependencies = [
- "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu",
- "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu",
+ "windows-core",
+ "windows-link 0.1.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "winapi-build"
-version = "0.1.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2d315eee3b34aca4797b2da6b13ed88266e6d612562a0c46390af8299fc699bc"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu"
-version = "0.4.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ac3b87c63620426dd9b991e5ce0329eff545bccbbb34f3be09ff6fb6ab51b7b6"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu"
-version = "0.4.0"
+name = "windows-result"
+version = "0.3.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "712e227841d057c1ee1cd2fb22fa7e5a5461ae8e48fa2ca79ec42cfc1931183f"
+checksum = "56f42bd332cc6c8eac5af113fc0c1fd6a8fd2aa08a0119358686e5160d0586c6"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link 0.1.3",
+]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "windows-link"
-version = "0.2.1"
+name = "windows-strings"
+version = "0.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f0805222e57f7521d6a62e36fa9163bc891acd422f971defe97d64e70d0a4fe5"
+checksum = "56e6c93f3a0c3b36176cb1327a4958a0353d5d166c2a35cb268ace15e91d3b57"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link 0.1.3",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-sys"
@@ -1107,15 +988,24 @@ version = "0.61.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ae137229bcbd6cdf0f7b80a31df61766145077ddf49416a728b02cb3921ff3fc"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-link",
+ "windows-link 0.2.1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "ws2_32-sys"
-version = "0.2.1"
+name = "windows-threading"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b66463ad2e0ea3bbf808b7f1d371311c80e115c0b71d60efc142cafbcfb057a6"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link 0.1.3",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winreg"
+version = "0.56.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d59cefebd0c892fa2dd6de581e937301d8552cb44489cdff035c6187cb63fa5e"
+checksum = "7d6f32a0ff4a9f6f01231eb2059cc85479330739333e0e58cadf03b6af2cca10"
 dependencies = [
- "winapi 0.2.8",
- "winapi-build",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "windows-sys",
 ]
diff --git a/tests/tap_tests.rs b/tests/tap_tests.rs
index 991fc034..abe98b37 100644
--- a/tests/tap_tests.rs
+++ b/tests/tap_tests.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /***
-* These tests need to be run as root and currently only work on Linux (and maybe MacOs?)
+* These tests need to be run as root and currently only work on Linux (and maybe macOS?)
 *
 * To build and run these tests, run:
 *
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 * which does the build as a non-priv user, extracts the exec binary location of
 * the test from 'cargo test', and runs only that as root.
 *
-* To develop on these tests, you need to manually enable this feature in VSCode ala:
+* To develop on these tests, you need to turn this feature on by hand in VS Code:
 *
 *  In VS Code, open the Extensions sidebar, click the gear icon next
 *  to the rust-analyzer extension, and choose “Extension Settings.”
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@
 *
 * to debug, run:
 *
-* sudo rust-gdb ./target/debug/deps/tap_test-${BUILD}
-*  break tap_test::tests::<TAB>   # to get a list of useful breakpoints
+* sudo rust-gdb ./target/debug/deps/tap_tests-${BUILD}
+*  break tap_tests::tests::<TAB>   # to get a list of useful breakpoints
 *
-* NOTE: tests in rust capture stdio/stderr by default; add "-- --nocapture", e.g.,
+* NOTE: tests in Rust capture stdout and stderr by default; add "-- --nocapture", e.g.,
 *  'cargo test -- --nocapture'
 */
 #[cfg(not(windows))]
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     use etherparse::{PacketBuilder, PacketHeaders};
     use pcap::Capture;
-    use tun_tap::Iface;
+    use tun_rs::SyncDevice;
 
     /***
      * Create a Tap interface and make sure that the sendpacket() and next_packet()
@@ -57,15 +57,15 @@ mod tests {
         let mut pkt1 = Vec::with_capacity(builder1.size(payload1.len()));
         builder1.write(&mut pkt1, &payload1).unwrap();
 
-        // send it in the interface
+        // send it into the interface
         let send_len = iface.send(&pkt1).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(send_len, pkt1.len());
 
         // try to pcap capture it
         let test_pkt1 = cap.next_packet().unwrap();
-        // did we capture the whole packet?
+        // was the whole packet captured?
         assert_eq!(pkt1.len(), test_pkt1.header.caplen as usize);
-        // does it match what we expect?
+        // does it match the packet that went in?
         assert_eq!(&pkt1, test_pkt1.data);
 
         // now, try to pcap send it back out that interface
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let (test_sendpkt, _) = buf.split_at(recv_len);
         if recv_len != pkt1.len() {
-            // wtf!?
+            // something else came back, so decode it and say what it was
             let weird = PacketHeaders::from_ethernet_slice(test_sendpkt).unwrap();
             panic!("weird packet !! {weird:#?}");
         }
@@ -88,19 +88,22 @@ mod tests {
      * Bind a tap interface and attach a pcap capture to it and return both
      *
      * Return as a Capture<Inactive> in case the caller wants to set some
-     * different options before opening it (maybe?)
+     * different options before opening it
      */
-    fn capture_tap_interface() -> (Capture<pcap::Inactive>, Iface) {
-        use tun_tap::Mode;
-
-        // without_packet_info sets ioctl(fd, IFF_NO_PI ) on the tap fd
-        // as described in https://www.gabriel.urdhr.fr/2021/05/08/tuntap/#packet-information
-        // it's not useful for l2 tap packets, so wouldl like to skip to simplify tests
-        let iface_result = Iface::without_packet_info("testtap%d", Mode::Tap);
-        // I know this could/should be a match(), but I think this is cleaner...
+    fn capture_tap_interface() -> (Capture<pcap::Inactive>, SyncDevice) {
+        use tun_rs::{DeviceBuilder, Layer};
+
+        // Layer::L2 is a tap rather than a tun. The builder leaves IFF_NO_PI set unless
+        // packet_information() asks for it, as described in
+        // https://www.gabriel.urdhr.fr/2021/05/08/tuntap/#packet-information
+        // it is not useful for l2 tap packets and would only complicate them
+        let iface_result = DeviceBuilder::new()
+            .name("testtap%d")
+            .layer(Layer::L2)
+            .build_sync();
         if let Err(e) = iface_result {
             if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied {
-                println!("Permission denied - needs tp be run as root/sudo!");
+                println!("Permission denied - needs to be run as root/sudo!");
                 panic!(
                     "Failed to bind the tap interface: PermissionDenied - please run with root/sudo!"
                 );
@@ -109,29 +112,29 @@ mod tests {
             panic!("Failed to bind the tap interface: {e:#?}");
         }
         let iface = iface_result.unwrap();
+        let iface_name = iface.name().unwrap();
         if cfg!(target_os = "linux") {
             // If IPv6 is enabled, it will broadcast all sorts of stuff on this interface
-            // these broadcasts will periodically (heisenbug!) break tests that aren't smart enough
-            // so disable IPv6 on the test interface before we start any captures
-            // It's important to do this BEFORE bringing up the interface else there's still
-            // a race condition (that we were losing more often than not!)
+            // these broadcasts will periodically (heisenbug!) break tests that aren't smart
+            // enough to ignore them, so disable IPv6 on the test interface before any capture
+            // starts. It has to happen BEFORE the interface comes up, else there is still a
+            // race condition, and it was lost more often than not
             safe_run_command(format!(
-                "sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.{}.disable_ipv6=1",
-                iface.name()
+                "sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.{iface_name}.disable_ipv6=1"
             ));
 
-            // Under Linux, the interface is created, but defaults to 'down' state, where pcap needs it 'up'
-            // Yes, it's a hack to use the command line instead of an API, but the netdev APIs are messy
-            // TODO: decide if we should move to the https://crates.io/keywords/netlink crate
-            safe_run_command(format!("ip link set dev {} up", iface.name()));
+            // Under Linux, the interface is created in the 'down' state, and pcap needs it 'up'
+            // Shelling out instead of calling an API is a hack, but the netdev APIs are messy
+            // TODO: consider moving to the https://crates.io/keywords/netlink crate
+            safe_run_command(format!("ip link set dev {iface_name} up"));
         }
-        let device = pcap::Device::from(iface.name());
+        let device = pcap::Device::from(iface_name.as_str());
         (Capture::from_device(device).unwrap(), iface)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Run a command on the shell, check the output, and pretty print a panic message and the
-     * stderr if it fails.
+     * Run a command, check that it succeeded, and pretty print a panic message with its
+     * stderr if it did not
      */
     fn safe_run_command(cmd: String) {
         use std::process::Command;