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A curated list of awesome works in benchmark compression for efficient LLM evaluation.

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Awesome-Benchmark-Compression

A curated list of awesome works in benchmark compression for efficient LLM evaluation.

🤩👉 Welcome to submit your contributions to this code repository.

Overview of the benchmark compression survey


Survey

Paper Conference/Journal Code
Are We Testing Too Much? A Survey of Benchmark Compression for Efficient Evaluation of Large Language Models arXiv 2026 Code

Single-Benchmark Compression

Reduce the cost of evaluating one benchmark using a subset chosen before the main evaluation.

Content-Based Compression

Choose evaluation items using benchmark content or a sampling design, without historical model responses or a target-specific signal.

Paper Venue Domain Code
Consistent and Distinctive: LLM Benchmark Efficiency via Maximum Independent Set Prompt Selection on Similarity Graphs arXiv 2026 General, Reasoning, Math —
CoT-Core: Accelerating LLM Evaluation via CoT-Aware Coreset Selection arXiv 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Math —
Noisy but Valid: Robust Statistical Evaluation of LLMs with Imperfect Judges ICLR 2026 Safety —
Robust LLM Performance Certification via Constrained Maximum Likelihood Estimation arXiv 2026 Safety —
Select, Label, Evaluate: Active Testing in NLP arXiv 2026 General, NLG GitHub
Statistically Reliable LLM-Based Ranking Evaluation via Prediction-Powered Inference ACL Workshop (GEM) 2026 Retrieval —
EffiEval: Efficient and Generalizable Model Evaluation via Capability Coverage Maximization arXiv 2025 General, QA, Reasoning, Math —
Scales++: Compute Efficient Evaluation Subset Selection with Cognitive Scales Embeddings arXiv 2025 General, QA, Reasoning, Math —
ARES: An Automated Evaluation Framework for Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems NAACL 2024 RAG, Retrieval GitHub
Efficient multi-prompt evaluation of LLMs NeurIPS 2024 General, QA, Reasoning GitHub

Historical-Response Compression

Reuse earlier models' evaluation results to select items or estimate the results of a new model.

Paper Venue Domain Code
Zipbench: Low-Cost Framework for Compressing Comprehensive Benchmarks of Large Language Models EMNLP 2026 Oral General, Multimodal, Agent GitHub
MiniLongBench: The Low-cost Long Context Understanding Benchmark for Large Language Models ACL 2025 Outstanding Paper General, QA, Retrieval GitHub
SubLIME: Subset Selection via Rank Correlation Prediction for Data-Efficient LLM Evaluation ACL 2025 Best Theme Paper General, QA, Reasoning, Math —
Active Testing of Large Language Models via Approximate Neyman Allocation arXiv 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Multimodal —
CollabEval: Statistically Efficient Collaborative Model Evaluation via Matrix Completion arXiv 2026 General, QA, Code, Human Eval —
DatBench: Discriminative, Faithful, and Efficient VLM Evaluations arXiv 2026 Multimodal, VQA GitHub
DISCO: Diversifying Sample Condensation for Efficient Model Evaluation ICLR 2026 General, QA, Reasoning GitHub
Efficient Benchmarking Is Just Feature Selection and Multiple Regression arXiv 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Code GitHub
Efficient Benchmarking of AI Agents arXiv 2026 Code, Agent GitHub
Every Wrong Answer Counts: Option-Level Psychometrics for LLM Multiple-Choice Benchmarks arXiv 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Math —
From Uncertain Judgments to Calibrated Rankings: Conformal Elo Estimation for LLM Evaluation arXiv 2026 Chat, Human Eval GitHub
Learning More from Less: Unlocking Internal Representations for Benchmark Compression ICML 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Multimodal —
MetaEval: Measuring the Discrimination of Benchmarks for Efficient LLM Evaluation AAAI 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Math GitHub
MINCE: Shrinking LLM Evaluation Datasets via Few-Model Monte Carlo Calibration EMNLP Industry 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Math —
Rethinking LLM Evaluation: Can We Evaluate LLMs with 200× Less Data? ICLR 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Math —
SparseEval: Efficient Evaluation of Large Language Models by Sparse Optimization ICLR 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Math GitHub
Causal Judge Evaluation: Calibrated Surrogate Metrics for LLM Systems arXiv 2025 General, Chat, Code, Human Eval GitHub
Efficient Benchmarking via Bias-Bounded Subset Selection TPAMI 2025 General, QA, Reasoning GitHub
Efficiently Ranking Software Variants with Minimal Benchmarks arXiv 2025 Code, Software Eng. —
How Benchmark Prediction from Fewer Data Misses the Mark NeurIPS 2025 General, QA, Reasoning GitHub
Improving Model Evaluation using SMART Filtering of Benchmark Datasets NAACL 2025 General, QA, Reasoning GitHub
Jailbreak Distillation: Renewable Safety Benchmarking EMNLP Findings 2025 Safety, Security —
Psychometrically derived 60-question benchmarks: Substantial efficiencies and the possibility of human-AI comparisons Intelligence 2025 General, QA, Reasoning, Math —
Scaling Up Active Testing to Large Language Models NeurIPS 2025 General, QA, Reasoning GitHub
Towards Optimal Evaluation Efficiency for Large Language Models EMNLP 2025 General, QA, Reasoning, Math —
Anchor Points: Benchmarking Models with Much Fewer Examples EACL 2024 General, QA, Reasoning GitHub
tinyBenchmarks: evaluating LLMs with fewer examples ICML 2024 General, QA, Reasoning, Math GitHub

Target-Conditioned Compression

Use a low-cost signal from the model being evaluated to choose its evaluation subset.

Paper Venue Domain Code
Augmenting Human Evaluation with LLM Judges: How Many Human Reviews Do You Need? arXiv 2026 Medical, Human Eval —
Generative Active Testing: Efficient LLM Evaluation via Proxy Task Adaptation arXiv 2026 General, QA, Medical —
How to Correctly Report LLM-as-a-Judge Evaluations ICML 2026 Chat, Human Eval GitHub
Industrializing Prediction-Powered Inference: The GLIDE Library for Reliable GenAI and Agentic Systems Evaluation ICML Workshop (AgenticUQ) 2026 Agent, Safety GitHub
Metric Match: A Subset Selection Approach to Evaluating LLM Judge Reliability arXiv 2026 General, Human Eval GitHub
Accelerating Unbiased LLM Evaluation via Synthetic Feedback ICML 2025 Chat, Human Eval GitHub
AutoEval Done Right: Using Synthetic Data for Model Evaluation ICML 2025 General, Chat GitHub
Beyond One-Size-Fits-All: Tailored Benchmarks for Efficient Evaluation ACL 2025 General, Math, Multimodal GitHub
Cost-Optimal Active AI Model Evaluation arXiv 2025 General, Chat —
Evaluating multiple models using labeled and unlabeled data NeurIPS 2025 General, NLP GitHub
QuEst: Enhancing Estimates of Quantile-Based Distributional Measures Using Model Predictions ICML 2025 General, Safety, NLG GitHub
Regression for the Mean: Auto-Evaluation and Inference with Few Labels through Post-hoc Regression ICML 2025 General —
Sample-Efficient Human Evaluation of Large Language Models via Maximum Discrepancy Competition ACL 2025 General, Math, Code, Human Eval GitHub
Smarter Sampling for LLM Judges: Reliable Evaluation on a Budget NeurIPS Workshop (LLM Eval) 2025 General, Human Eval —
Label-Efficient Model Selection for Text Generation ACL 2024 General, NLG, Human Eval —

Cross-Benchmark Compression

Reduce evaluation across multiple benchmarks through shared selection, prediction, or evidence reuse.

Paper Venue Domain Code
Coresets Before Score Sets: Evaluation-Unsupervised Prompt Subset Selection for LLM Benchmarks arXiv 2026 General —
Extending Item Response Theory for Efficient and Meaningful Multilingual Evaluation arXiv 2026 General, QA, Knowledge, Translation —
From Benchmarks to Skills: Low-Rank Factors for LLM Evaluation TACL 2026 General —
Growing Pains: Extensible and Efficient LLM Benchmarking Via Fixed Parameter Calibration arXiv 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Math GitHub
Lost in Benchmarks? Rethinking Large Language Model Benchmarking with Item Response Theory AAAI 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Math GitHub
PACE: A Proxy for Agentic Capability Evaluation arXiv 2026 Reasoning, Code, Agent —
Submodular Benchmark Selection arXiv 2026 General GitHub
You Don't Need to Run Every Eval arXiv 2026 General —
Importance Sampling is All You Need: Predict LLM's performance on new benchmark by reusing existing benchmark arXiv 2025 Code —
metabench - A Sparse Benchmark of Reasoning and Knowledge in Large Language Models ICLR 2025 General, QA, Reasoning, Math GitHub
Resampling Benchmark for Efficient Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Vision-Language Models arXiv 2025 Multimodal, VQA —
SimBA: Simplifying Benchmark Analysis Using Performance Matrices Alone EMNLP Findings 2025 General, QA, Reasoning, Math GitHub
Toward a unified framework for data-efficient evaluation of large language models arXiv 2025 General, QA, Knowledge, Translation GitHub
Data Efficient Evaluation of Large Language Models and Text-to-Image Models via Adaptive Sampling arXiv 2024 General, Code —

Adaptive Evaluation

Use results observed during evaluation to decide what to test next or when to stop.

Adaptive Item Selection

Choose the next evaluation item using the results collected so far.

Paper Venue Domain Code
AcTracer: Active Testing of Large Language Model via Multi-Stage Sampling TOSEM 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Math GitHub
Adaptive Testing for LLM Evaluation: A Psychometric Alternative to Static Benchmarks ICML 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Math GitHub
Agent psychometrics: Task-level performance prediction in agentic coding benchmarks arXiv 2026 Code, Agent GitHub
AutoJudger: An Agent-Driven Framework for Efficient Benchmarking of MLLMs ACL 2026 Multimodal, VQA GitHub
BayesAME: Bayesian Active Model Evaluation arXiv 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Math —
Cost-Efficient Estimation of General Abilities Across Benchmarks arXiv 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Math —
Efficient Evaluation of LLM Performance with Statistical Guarantees arXiv 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Math GitHub
Efficient Safety Benchmarking via Item Response Theory ICML Workshop (AI4Good) 2026 Safety —
Efficient Sequential Evaluation of Large Language Models arXiv 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Math —
Evaluating Cross-Modal Reasoning Ability and Problem Characteristics with Multimodal Item Response Theory ICLR 2026 Reasoning, Multimodal, VQA GitHub
FAIR-Eval: Reliable and Efficient Adaptive Benchmarking for Large Language Models OpenReview 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Math —
Item Response Scaling Laws: A Measurement Theory Approach for Efficient and Generalizable Neural Scaling Estimation ICML 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Math GitHub
LLM-as-a-Judge on a Budget AISTATS 2026 Human Eval —
Measuring Five-Nines Reliability: Sample-Efficient LLM Evaluation in Saturated Benchmarks arXiv 2026 Math —
Active Evaluation Acquisition for Efficient LLM Benchmarking ICML 2025 General, QA, Reasoning —
Adaptive Probabilistic Operational Testing for Large Language Models Evaluation AST 2025 General GitHub
Beyond Mean Scores: Factor Models for Reliable and Efficient AI Evaluation OpenReview 2025 General, QA, Reasoning —
Cer-Eval: Certifiable and Cost-Efficient Evaluation Framework for LLMs arXiv 2025 General, QA, Reasoning, Math —
Efficient Evaluation of Large Language Models via Collaborative Filtering arXiv 2025 General, QA, Reasoning, Math —
Fluid Language Model Benchmarking COLM 2025 General, QA, Reasoning, Math GitHub
Reliable and Efficient Amortized Model-based Evaluation ICML 2025 General, QA, Reasoning GitHub

Sequential Decision and Stopping

Allocate evaluation effort to reach a final decision, eliminate candidates, or stop with sufficient evidence.

Paper Venue Domain Code
AV-AIVAT: 74x Cheaper Agent Evaluation with Certified Anytime-Valid Stopping in Imperfect-Information Games arXiv 2026 Agent —
CELEUS: Certifiable and Efficient LLM Evaluation via E-Processes arXiv 2026 General, QA GitHub
Confident Rankings with Fewer Items: Adaptive LLM Evaluation with Continuous Scores arXiv 2026 General, QA, Translation, NLG GitHub
Cutting LLM Evaluation Costs with SySRs: A Bandit Algorithm That Provably Exploits Model Similarity ICML 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Math GitHub
Decentralized Arena: Towards Democratic and Scalable Automatic Evaluation of Language Models ACL 2026 General, Chat, Reasoning, Math GitHub
Discovering Hidden Gems in Model Repositories arXiv 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Math —
ParEvalLayer: When Partial LLM-Agent Evaluations Support a Decision AIMLSystems 2026 Agent, Software Eng. —
Stop Guessing When to Stop Testing: Efficient Model Evaluation with Just Enough Data ACL Findings 2026 Multimodal, Vision GitHub
Valid Best-Model Identification for LLM Evaluation via Low-Rank Factorization arXiv 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Math GitHub
Adaptive Prediction-Powered AutoEval with Reliability and Efficiency Guarantees NeurIPS 2025 General, QA, Reasoning, Math GitHub
Arena-lite: Efficient and Reliable Large Language Model Evaluation via Tournament-Based Direct Comparisons EMNLP 2025 Chat, Human Eval —
Large Language Model Selection with Limited Annotations arXiv 2025 General, QA, Reasoning, Math —
On Speeding Up Language Model Evaluation ICLR 2025 General, QA, Reasoning, Math GitHub
Trust or Escalate: LLM Judges with Provable Guarantees for Human Agreement ICLR 2025 Chat, NLG, Human Eval —
Efficient Benchmarking (of Language Models) NAACL 2024 General, QA, Reasoning —

Benchmark Analysis and Foundations

Study benchmark redundancy, measurement quality, and the reliability of reduced evaluations.

Paper Venue Domain Code
An Interpretable and Scalable Framework for Evaluating Large Language Models arXiv 2026 General, Reasoning, Math, Knowledge —
Benchmark²: Systematic Evaluation of LLM Benchmarks arXiv 2026 General, Reasoning, Math, Knowledge —
BenchScope: How Many Independent Signals Does Your Benchmark Provide? arXiv 2026 General, Code, Agent —
Calibrate, Don't Curate: Label-Efficient Estimation from Noisy LLM Judges arXiv 2026 General, Human Eval —
Can We Trust Item Response Theory for AI Evaluation? arXiv 2026 General, Reasoning, Math, Knowledge —
Diagnosing LLM Judge Reliability: Conformal Prediction Sets and Transitivity Violations ICML Workshop (SCALE) 2026 General, NLG, Human Eval —
Does Question Really Matter? The Attribution of Answer Bias in LLM Evaluation AAAI 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Knowledge —
DualEval: Joint Model-Item Calibration for Unified LLM Evaluation arXiv 2026 General, Math, Code, Knowledge GitHub
How Many Tasks Are Enough for Agent Benchmark Decisions? A Replay Analysis of Public LLM Agent Benchmarks KDD Workshop (Agentic AI) 2026 Code, Agent GitHub
How Reliable is Language Model Micro-Benchmarking? ICLR 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Math GitHub
Laplace-PSN-IRT: Uncertainty Quantification for Neural Item Response Theory Models of LLM Benchmarks arXiv 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Math GitHub
Resolution Diagnostics for Paired LLM Evaluation ICML Workshop (Hypothesis Testing) 2026 General, QA, Reasoning, Math GitHub
Stop Comparing LLM Agents Without Disclosing the Harness arXiv 2026 Code, Agent GitHub
When LLM Judge Scores Look Good but Best-of-N Decisions Fail arXiv 2026 Chat, Human Eval —
ONEBench to Test Them All: Sample-Level Benchmarking Over Open-Ended Capabilities ACL 2025 General, Multimodal —
Redundancy Principles for MLLMs Benchmarks ACL 2025 Multimodal, Vision GitHub
ReliableEval: A Recipe for Stochastic LLM Evaluation via Method of Moments EMNLP Findings 2025 General, QA, Reasoning, Math GitHub
Adding Error Bars to Evals: A Statistical Approach to Language Model Evaluations arXiv 2024 General, QA, Math, Code —

Contributing

Contributions and corrections are welcome. Please provide the paper title, an official paper link, publication venue and year, application domains, and an author-released code link if available. For new papers, suggest the closest category and briefly explain the fit.

Citation

If you find this collection useful, please consider giving this repository a ⭐ or citing our survey:

@misc{ling2026testingmuchsurveybenchmark,
  title={Are We Testing Too Much? A Survey of Benchmark Compression for Efficient Evaluation of Large Language Models},
  author={Guoming Ling and Yupei Lin and Zhongzhan Huang and Junxin Li and Junjie Liu and Shanshan Zhong and Hefeng Wu and Liang Lin},
  year={2026},
  eprint={2610.18248},
  archivePrefix={arXiv},
  primaryClass={cs.CL},
  url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.18248},
}

About

A curated list of awesome works in benchmark compression for efficient LLM evaluation.

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