Update dependency undici to v8.9.0 [SECURITY] - #1281
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This PR contains the following updates:
8.3.0→8.9.0Undici has an unbounded decompression chain in HTTP responses on Node.js Fetch API via Content-Encoding leads to resource exhaustion
CVE-2026-22036 / GHSA-g9mf-h72j-4rw9
More information
Details
Impact
The
fetch()API supports chained HTTP encoding algorithms for response content according to RFC 9110 (e.g., Content-Encoding: gzip, br). This is also supported by the undici decompress interceptor.However, the number of links in the decompression chain is unbounded and the default maxHeaderSize allows a malicious server to insert thousands compression steps leading to high CPU usage and excessive memory allocation.
Patches
Upgrade to 7.18.2 or 6.23.0.
Workarounds
It is possible to apply an undici interceptor and filter long
Content-Encodingsequences manually.References
Severity
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:HReferences
This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).
Undici has an HTTP Request/Response Smuggling issue
CVE-2026-1525 / GHSA-2mjp-6q6p-2qxm
More information
Details
Impact
Undici allows duplicate HTTP
Content-Lengthheaders when they are provided in an array with case-variant names (e.g.,Content-Lengthandcontent-length). This produces malformed HTTP/1.1 requests with multiple conflictingContent-Lengthvalues on the wire.Who is impacted:
undici.request(),undici.Client, or similar low-level APIs with headers passed as flat arraysPotential consequences:
Content-Lengthheaders (400 Bad Request)Patches
Patched in the undici version v7.24.0 and v6.24.0. Users should upgrade to this version or later.
Workarounds
If upgrading is not immediately possible:
Content-Lengthheaders (case-insensitive) are present before passing headers to undici{ 'content-length': '123' }) rather than an array, which naturally deduplicates by keySeverity
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:LReferences
This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).
Undici has Unhandled Exception in WebSocket Client Due to Invalid server_max_window_bits Validation
CVE-2026-2229 / GHSA-v9p9-hfj2-hcw8
More information
Details
Impact
The undici WebSocket client is vulnerable to a denial-of-service attack due to improper validation of the
server_max_window_bitsparameter in the permessage-deflate extension. When a WebSocket client connects to a server, it automatically advertises support for permessage-deflate compression. A malicious server can respond with an out-of-rangeserver_max_window_bitsvalue (outside zlib's valid range of 8-15). When the server subsequently sends a compressed frame, the client attempts to create a zlib InflateRaw instance with the invalid windowBits value, causing a synchronous RangeError exception that is not caught, resulting in immediate process termination.The vulnerability exists because:
isValidClientWindowBits()function only validates that the value contains ASCII digits, not that it falls within the valid range 8-15createInflateRaw()call is not wrapped in a try-catch blockPatches
Has the problem been patched? What versions should users upgrade to?
Workarounds
Is there a way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading?
Severity
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:HReferences
This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).
Undici has Unbounded Memory Consumption in WebSocket permessage-deflate Decompression
CVE-2026-1526 / GHSA-vrm6-8vpv-qv8q
More information
Details
Description
The undici WebSocket client is vulnerable to a denial-of-service attack via unbounded memory consumption during permessage-deflate decompression. When a WebSocket connection negotiates the permessage-deflate extension, the client decompresses incoming compressed frames without enforcing any limit on the decompressed data size. A malicious WebSocket server can send a small compressed frame (a "decompression bomb") that expands to an extremely large size in memory, causing the Node.js process to exhaust available memory and crash or become unresponsive.
The vulnerability exists in the
PerMessageDeflate.decompress()method, which accumulates all decompressed chunks in memory and concatenates them into a single Buffer without checking whether the total size exceeds a safe threshold.Impact
Patches
Users should upgrade to fixed versions.
Workarounds
No workaround are possible.
Severity
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:HReferences
This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).
Undici has CRLF Injection in undici via
upgradeoptionCVE-2026-1527 / GHSA-4992-7rv2-5pvq
More information
Details
Impact
When an application passes user-controlled input to the
upgradeoption ofclient.request(), an attacker can inject CRLF sequences (\r\n) to:The vulnerability exists because undici writes the
upgradevalue directly to the socket without validating for invalid header characters:Patches
Patched in the undici version v7.24.0 and v6.24.0. Users should upgrade to this version or later.
Workarounds
Sanitize the
upgradeoption string before passing to undici:Severity
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:NReferences
This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).
undici WebSocket client vulnerable to denial of service via cumulative fragment bypass
CVE-2026-9675 / GHSA-38rv-x7px-6hhq
More information
Details
Impact
The undici WebSocket client enforces
maxPayloadSizeper-frame but does not enforce the cumulative size of fragmented uncompressed messages. A malicious WebSocket server can stream many small fragments that each pass per-frame validation but collectively exceed the configured limit, causing unbounded memory growth in the client process. The result is memory exhaustion and a denial of service.Affected applications are those using the undici WebSocket client (
new WebSocket(...)) that can be induced to connect to an attacker-controlled or compromised WebSocket endpoint.This is a regression specific to undici 8.1.0. The 6.25.0 line shipped the equivalent cumulative check from the start and is unaffected. The 7.x line never had the
maxPayloadSizefeature and is also unaffected.Patches
Upgrade to undici >= 8.5.0.
Workarounds
No workaround is available. The fix must be applied through an upgrade.
Severity
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:HReferences
This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).
undici vulnerable to cross-user information disclosure via shared cache whitespace bypass
CVE-2026-9678 / GHSA-pr7r-676h-xcf6
More information
Details
Impact
Undici's cache interceptor incorrectly classifies some responses as cacheable when the upstream
Cache-Controlheader uses whitespace-padded qualifiedprivateorno-cachefield names such asprivate=" authorization"orno-cache="\tauthorization". The parser preserves the surrounding whitespace, so later comparisons against the literalauthorizationfield name fail and the response is stored.In shared-cache mode, this allows a response containing one user's authenticated data to be served from cache to a subsequent caller, including an unauthenticated caller, when both requests resolve to the same cache key.
Affected applications are those that explicitly enable the cache interceptor (
interceptors.cache()) in shared mode, forwardAuthorizationheaders upstream, and receive cacheable responses with non-canonical qualifiedprivateorno-cachedirectives.Patches
Upgrade to undici v7.28.0 or v8.5.0.
Workarounds
If upgrade is not immediately possible, disable shared-cache mode for traffic that includes
Authorizationheaders, avoid caching responses to authenticated requests, or addVary: Authorizationupstream.Severity
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:NReferences
This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).
undici vulnerable to TLS certificate validation bypass via dropped requestTls in SOCKS5 ProxyAgent
CVE-2026-9697 / GHSA-vmh5-mc38-953g
More information
Details
Impact
undici's
ProxyAgentsilently drops therequestTlsoption when configured with a SOCKS5 proxy URI (socks5://orsocks://). The target HTTPS connection through the SOCKS5 tunnel falls back to Node's default trust store, ignoring user-configuredca,cert,key,rejectUnauthorized, andservernamesettings.Applications that pin to an internal or corporate CA via
requestTls.cawill, when their proxy URI is SOCKS5, get the default Mozilla CA bundle as the trust anchor instead. Any cert signed by any publicly-trusted CA for the target hostname is accepted, breaking the intended pin and enabling MITM read and tamper of the HTTPS exchange.Affected applications are those that use undici's
ProxyAgent(orSocks5ProxyAgentdirectly) with SOCKS5 AND rely onrequestTlsfor TLS scope restriction. The bug was introduced in undici 7.23.0 when SOCKS5 support was added.Patches
Upgrade to undici v7.28.0 or v8.5.0.
Workarounds
No workaround is available within the SOCKS5 path. If a SOCKS5 proxy with TLS scope restriction is required and an upgrade is not yet possible, route the traffic through an HTTP-proxy
ProxyAgentinstead, whererequestTlsis honored correctly.Severity
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:NReferences
This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).
undici vulnerable to HTTP response queue poisoning via keep-alive socket reuse
CVE-2026-6733 / GHSA-35p6-xmwp-9g52
More information
Details
Impact
Undici's HTTP/1.1 client is vulnerable to response queue poisoning on reused keep-alive sockets. An attacker-controlled upstream server can inject an unsolicited HTTP/1.1 response onto an idle socket after a request completes. When the client dispatches the next request on that socket, it associates the injected response with the new request, causing responses to be delivered to the wrong requests.
This requires an attacker-controlled or compromised upstream HTTP/1.1 server and keep-alive connection reuse.
Patches
Upgrade to undici v6.27.0, v7.28.0 or v8.5.0.
Workarounds
Disable keep-alive connection reuse by setting
keepAliveTimeout: 0on the Client or Pool.Severity
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:NReferences
This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).
undici WebSocket client vulnerable to denial of service via fragment count bypass
CVE-2026-12151 / GHSA-vxpw-j846-p89q
More information
Details
Impact
The undici WebSocket client enforces
maxPayloadSizeon the cumulative byte count of fragments in a message but does not enforce a limit on the number of fragments. A malicious WebSocket server can stream many small or empty continuation frames that each pass per-frame and cumulative-size validation, collectively causing unbounded memory growth in the client process. The result is memory exhaustion and a denial of service.Affected applications are those using the undici WebSocket client (
new WebSocket(...)) or theWebSocketStreamAPI that can be induced to connect to an attacker-controlled or compromised WebSocket endpoint.All releases starting at undici 6.17.0 are affected.
Patches
Upgrade to undici v6.27.0, v7.28.0 or v8.5.0.
Workarounds
No workaround is available. The fix must be applied through an upgrade.
Severity
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:HReferences
This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).
undici vulnerable to HTTP header injection via Set-Cookie percent-decoding
CVE-2026-9679 / GHSA-p88m-4jfj-68fv
More information
Details
Impact
undici's cookie parser in
parseSetCookiepercent-decodes cookie values viaqsUnescape, turning encoded sequences like%0D%0A,%00,%3B, and%3Dinto their literal byte equivalents. RFC 6265 §5.4 does not specify any decoding and browsers do not decode either.Applications that parse a
Set-Cookieheader and then forward the parsed value into a response header (proxies, middleware, SSR frameworks) become vulnerable to HTTP response header injection: an attacker-controlled upstream can inject arbitrarySet-Cookie,Location, orCache-Controlheaders into the application's downstream response, enabling session fixation, open redirect, or cache poisoning.Affected applications are those that use undici's cookie parsing (
parseSetCookie,parseCookie,getSetCookies) and forward the parsed cookie value into a response header.This was introduced in undici 7.0.0 via #3789.
Patches
Upgrade to undici v6.27.0, v7.28.0 or v8.5.0.
Workarounds
If upgrade is not immediately possible, do not forward values returned by
parseSetCookie/parseCookie/getSetCookiesdirectly into response headers; sanitize the value first to strip or reject CR, LF, NUL,;, and=bytes.Severity
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:NReferences
This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).
undici vulnerable to Set-Cookie SameSite attribute downgrade via permissive substring matching
CVE-2026-11525 / GHSA-g8m3-5g58-fq7m
More information
Details
Impact
When undici parses a
Set-Cookieheader, it accepts anySameSiteattribute value that containsStrict,Lax, orNoneas a substring, rather than the case-insensitive exact match specified by RFC 6265. Non-spec values are silently mapped to one of the three standard tokens:SameSite=NoneOfYourBusinessis parsed asNone, the most permissive setting.SameSite=StrictLaxis parsed asLax, a downgrade fromStrict.Affected applications are those that consume
Set-Cookieheaders from server responses (for example via undici'sfetchor proxy code paths) and then forward or rely on the parsedsameSiteattribute. A malicious or non-compliant server can coerce the consumer's view of a cookie's SameSite policy to a weaker value, silently degrading the SameSite enforcement the cookie is supposed to provide.This was introduced in undici 5.15.0 when the cookies feature was added.
Patches
Upgrade to undici v6.27.0, v7.28.0 or v8.5.0.
Workarounds
After parsing a
Set-Cookieheader, validate that the resultingsameSiteattribute is one of'Strict','Lax', or'None'(exact, case-insensitive) before forwarding or relying on it.Severity
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:NReferences
This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).
undici vulnerable to cross-user information disclosure and parse-time crash via degenerate private cache directives
CVE-2026-13697 / GHSA-4cwx-7wf7-3272
More information
Details
Summary
Two issues in undici's cache interceptor, both fixed by the same patch on
lib/util/cache.js:Cache-Control: privatedirectives such asprivate=""orprivate=","can be incorrectly stored in the default shared cache, then served to a later caller with the same cache key.privatedirectives in the same header (such aspublic, max-age=60, private, private="hdr") cause an uncaughtTypeErrorin the cache-control parser, terminating the request.Impact
Shared-cache disclosure
Applications using
interceptors.cache()in shared mode may cache a user-specific response and serve it to a later caller with the same cache key. This can disclose private response bodies and headers, includingSet-Cookie.Required conditions:
Cache-Control: public, max-age=300, private="";Varyheader.Parse-time crash
Applications using
interceptors.cache()against an upstream that returns aCache-Controlheader combining unqualifiedprivatewith qualifiedprivate="..."see an uncaughtTypeError: output.private.concat is not a functionduring response handling. The request rejects; depending on the consumer's error handling, the process may exit.Details
private=""is parsed as{ private: [''] }. The shared-cache guard only rejectsprivate === true, so the response can be stored. When served from cache, the previous user's body and headers may be returned to a different user.For the crash variant, an unqualified
privatedirective setsoutput.private = true, then a subsequent qualifiedprivate="hdr"directive attemptsoutput.private.concat(['hdr']), which throws because boolean has noconcatmethod.The patch routes the qualified-directive path through a shared helper that normalizes empty-after-trim arrays to
trueand preserves existingtruevalues, closing both vectors.Patches
Upgrade to
undici7.29.0 or 8.9.0. Both releases fix the qualifiedprivatedirective handling that caused the shared-cache storage and the parser crash.Workarounds
Until patched, avoid shared
interceptors.cache()for user-specific responses, usetype: 'private', or disable caching for affected origins.Credit
Disclosure variant reported by @h0rk1p via HackerOne report #3817497.
Severity
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:HReferences
This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).
undici vulnerable to downstream response desynchronization via retry interceptor
CVE-2026-16728 / GHSA-8xcm-r25x-g524
More information
Details
Impact
Undici's
interceptors.retry()can deliver a response whose body length does not match theContent-Lengthheader exposed to the application after a retry or resume of a partial response. Applications that useinterceptors.retry()and forward upstream response headers and bodies downstream, for example proxy or gateway applications, may emit an invalid HTTP response with a staleContent-Lengthheader. This can lead to downstream response desynchronization, connection hangs, or response corruption in clients or intermediaries that rely on the forwarded framing metadata.A malicious or faulty upstream can respond to a range request with a
206 Partial Contentresponse such as:and then send only 99 bytes before closing the socket.
interceptors.retry()can then retry withRange: bytes=99-99, receive the final byte, and deliver a 100-byte body to the application while the response headers still containContent-Length: 300from the first response.The bug requires
interceptors.retry()to be enabled, an upstream that returns a partial response with a mismatched framing header, and a downstream forwarder that does not remove or recalculateContent-Length.Patches
Patched in undici v6.28.0, v7.29.0, and v8.9.0. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later.
Workarounds
interceptors.retry()for untrusted upstreams.Content-Lengthbefore forwarding a response body assembled or transformed by Undici.Severity
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:NReferences
This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).
undici vulnerable to cookie attribute injection via unsanitized domain and unparsed setCookie fields
CVE-2026-16729 / GHSA-v3r7-h72x-cjcm
More information
Details
Impact
The
setCookiefunction has two attribute injection paths.validateCookieDomaindoes not reject semicolons (validateCookiePathalready does at 0x3B), so adomainvalue likeexample.com; SameSite=Nonelands verbatim asDomain=example.com; SameSite=None. Theunparsedarray's loop only checks each entry contains=and does not sanitize values, so an entry likeX-Custom=val; HttpOnlylands unchanged, injectingHttpOnlywithout the caller settingcookie.httpOnly = true.Applications that pass user-controlled input to these fields, typically multi-tenant or reverse-proxy servers that scope session cookies to a tenant-supplied domain, can have SameSite CSRF protections bypassed,
SecureorHttpOnlyforced or stripped, or the intended SameSite tier overridden.Patches
Patched in undici v6.28.0, v7.29.0, and v8.9.0.
Workarounds
domainvalues against the RFC 1034 letter-digit-hyphen set before passing tosetCookie.unparsedfield.Severity
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:NReferences
This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).
undici vulnerable to cross-user information disclosure via whitespace around equals in Cache-Control directives
CVE-2026-14643 / GHSA-jr45-8vmc-qm54
More information
Details
Impact
Undici's cache interceptor mishandles optional whitespace (OWS) placed around the
=of a qualifiedno-cacheorprivateCache-Control directive, such asno-cache ="authorization"(OWS before=) orno-cache= "authorization"(OWS after=). The parser either drops the directive entirely or stores a field name with literal quote characters, so the downstream cache decisions do not recognize the qualification and the response is stored.In shared-cache mode, this allows a response containing one user's authenticated data to be served from cache to a subsequent caller, including an unauthenticated caller, when both requests resolve to the same cache key. The impact class is identical to CVE-2026-9678 (GHSA-pr7r-676h-xcf6); this advisory covers the whitespace-around-
=bypass that the earlier fix did not normalize.Affected applications are those that explicitly enable the cache interceptor (
interceptors.cache()) in shared mode, forwardAuthorizationheaders upstream, and receive cacheable responses with qualifiedprivateorno-cachedirectives whose field-name list is padded with OWS around the=.Patches
Upgrade to undici v7.29.0 or v8.9.0.
Workarounds
If upgrade is not immediately possible, disable shared-cache mode for traffic that includes
Authorizationheaders, avoid caching responses to authenticated requests, or addVary: Authorizationupstream.Severity
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:NReferences
This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).
undici vulnerable to CRLF Injection via blob-like body 'type' property
CVE-2026-15157 / GHSA-m8rv-5g2x-5cg5
More information
Details
Impact
When an application passes a duck-typed blob-like body to undici's HTTP/1.1 dispatcher (via
request(),stream(),pipeline(), ordispatch()) with a.typederived from untrusted input, an attacker can inject CRLF sequences (\r\n) to append arbitrary HTTP headers and potentially smuggle a second request past the upstream.The vulnerable branch in
lib/dispatcher/client-h1.jspushesbody.typedirectly into the outgoing headers with no validation, while every other header path in undici goes throughisValidHeaderValue():The bug requires a hand-rolled duck-typed blob object or a Blob subclass with a controlled
.type. NativeBlobis safe because its constructor strips CRLF from.type.fetch()is unaffected because it validates via theHeadersclass. Ecosystem consumers that build duck-typed blob shapes from user input includeform-data-encoder,formdata-polyfill, andformdata-node.Same defect class as
CVE-2022-35948(explicitcontent-typesink, fixed in undici 5.8.2) andCVE-2026-1527(upgradeoption sink, fixed in 6.24.0 / 7.24.0), both closed by addingisValidHeaderValue()on their respective sinks. This branch was missed.Patches
Patched in undici v6.28.0, v7.29.0, and v8.9.0. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later.
Workarounds
content-typeheader on the request options (skips the vulnerable branch).Blob(orfetch-blob) instead of a hand-rolled duck-typed object..type.fetch()instead of the non-fetchAPIs.Severity
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:NReferences
This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).
Release Notes
nodejs/undici (undici)
v8.9.0Compare Source
What's Changed
New Contributors
Full Changelog: nodejs/undici@v8.8.0...v8.9.0
v8.8.0Compare Source
What's Changed
New Contributors
Full Changelog: nodejs/undici@v8.7.0...v8.8.0
v8.7.0Compare Source
What's Changed
Configuration
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