API Reference Network API Historical Network Data Endpoint

Historical Network Data Endpoint

**Referenced Files in This Document** - [network.js](file://backend/src/routes/network.js) - [cacheKeys.js](file://backend/src/models/cacheKeys.js) - [redis.js](file://backend/src/models/redis.js) - [queries.js](file://backend/src/models/queries.js) - [networkApi.js](file://frontend/src/services/networkApi.js) - [networkStore.js](file://frontend/src/stores/networkStore.js) - [TpsHistoryChart.jsx](file://frontend/src/components/dashboard/TpsHistoryChart.jsx) - [index.js](file://backend/src/config/index.js) - [server.js](file://backend/server.js)

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. Endpoint Specification
3. Parameter Validation
4. Caching Strategy
5. Response Format
6. Data Transformation
7. Error Handling
8. Performance Considerations
9. Integration Examples
10. Troubleshooting Guide
11. Conclusion

Introduction

The GET /api/network/history endpoint provides historical network data for charting and analytics purposes. This endpoint serves as a critical component for the InfraWatch dashboard, enabling real-time monitoring of Solana network performance metrics including transaction throughput (TPS), slot heights, and congestion scores.

The endpoint implements a sophisticated cache-first architecture using Redis for optimal performance while maintaining data freshness through configurable TTL policies. It supports three time ranges (1 hour, 24 hours, and 7 days) to accommodate different visualization needs and analytical requirements.

Endpoint Specification

Base URL

GET /api/network/history?range=1h|24h|7d

Request Parameters

Parameter	Type	Required	Default	Description
range	string	No	1h	Time range for historical data retrieval

Valid Range Values

The endpoint accepts exactly three predefined time ranges:

• 1h: Last hour of network snapshots
• 24h: Last 24 hours of network snapshots
• 7d: Last 7 days of network snapshots

Response Format

The endpoint returns an array of network snapshot objects, each containing timestamped data points for chart rendering and analytics.

Section sources

• network.js:81-132

Parameter Validation

The endpoint implements strict parameter validation to ensure data integrity and prevent invalid requests.

Validation Logic Flow

flowchart TD
Start([Request Received]) --> ParseRange["Parse range parameter"]
ParseRange --> CheckDefault{"Is range '1h'?"}
CheckDefault --> |Yes| ValidateOK["Validation Passed"]
CheckDefault --> |No| CheckValidRange{"Is range in ['1h','24h','7d']?"}
CheckValidRange --> |Yes| ValidateOK
CheckValidRange --> |No| ReturnError["Return 400 Error"]
ValidateOK --> End([Proceed to Execution])
ReturnError --> End

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Diagram sources

• network.js:85-96

Validation Error Response

When an invalid range parameter is provided, the endpoint responds with a structured error:

HTTP Status: 400 Bad Request Response Body:

{
  "error": "Invalid range parameter",
  "validRanges": ["1h", "24h", "7d"]
}

Section sources

• network.js:89-96

Caching Strategy

The endpoint employs a cache-first approach with Redis caching to minimize database load and improve response times.

Cache Architecture

sequenceDiagram
participant Client as "Client"
participant Route as "Network Route"
participant Redis as "Redis Cache"
participant DB as "PostgreSQL Database"
Client->>Route : GET /api/network/history?range=1h
Route->>Route : Validate range parameter
Route->>Redis : getCache("network : history : 1h")
Redis-->>Route : Cache hit or miss
alt Cache Hit
Route->>Client : Return cached data
else Cache Miss
Route->>DB : Query network snapshots
DB-->>Route : Return historical data
Route->>Redis : setCache("network : history : 1h", data, 300s)
Route->>Client : Return fresh data
end

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Diagram sources

• network.js:98-128
• redis.js:75-112

Cache Key Generation

The cache key follows a standardized naming convention:

network:history:{range}

Where {range} is replaced with the validated time range parameter.

Dynamic Key Examples:

• network:history:1h
• network:history:24h
• network:history:7d

Section sources

• cacheKeys.js:35-40
• network.js:101

TTL Configuration

The historical data cache uses a 5-minute TTL (300 seconds):

Cache Type	TTL Value	Purpose
NETWORK_HISTORY	300 seconds (5 minutes)	Historical network data caching

Section sources

• cacheKeys.js:47
• network.js:122

Cache Implementation Details

The Redis client implements automatic reconnection with exponential backoff and handles connection failures gracefully:

• Connection Strategy: Lazy initialization with retry strategy
• Retry Behavior: Exponential backoff up to 2 seconds
• Max Retries: 3 retries per request
• Error Handling: Graceful degradation when Redis is unavailable

Section sources

• redis.js:27-35
• redis.js:75-112

Response Format

The endpoint returns a JSON array containing network snapshot objects, each representing a timestamped data point suitable for chart rendering.

Response Structure

HTTP Status: 200 OK (or 204 No Content for empty responses)

Response Body: Array of network snapshot objects

Each snapshot object contains the following fields:

Field	Type	Description
timestamp	string (ISO 8601)	UTC timestamp of the snapshot
tps	number	Transactions per second during this period
slotHeight	number	Current slot height at snapshot time
slotLatencyMs	number	Slot latency in milliseconds
epoch	number	Current epoch number
epochProgress	number	Epoch progress percentage (0-100)
delinquentCount	number	Number of delinquent validators
activeValidators	number	Number of active validators
confirmationTimeMs	number	Average confirmation time in milliseconds
congestionScore	number	Network congestion score (0-100)

Example Response

[
  {
    "timestamp": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z",
    "tps": 1250.5,
    "slotHeight": 18473920,
    "slotLatencyMs": 12.3,
    "epoch": 420,
    "epochProgress": 65.2,
    "delinquentCount": 8,
    "activeValidators": 432,
    "confirmationTimeMs": 450.7,
    "congestionScore": 23.5
  },
  {
    "timestamp": "2024-01-15T10:35:00Z",
    "tps": 1180.2,
    "slotHeight": 18473925,
    "slotLatencyMs": 14.1,
    "epoch": 420,
    "epochProgress": 65.3,
    "delinquentCount": 8,
    "activeValidators": 432,
    "confirmationTimeMs": 475.2,
    "congestionScore": 28.1
  }
]

Empty Response Handling

When the database is unavailable or contains no data, the endpoint returns an empty array:

HTTP Status: 200 OK Response Body: []

Section sources

• network.js:114-117
• queries.js:69-84

Data Transformation

The endpoint performs minimal transformation to maintain data integrity while optimizing for client consumption.

Transformation Process

flowchart LR
DB_Data["Database Query Results"] --> Transform["Minimal Transformation"]
Transform --> Cache["Cache Serialization"]
Cache --> Response["HTTP Response"]
subgraph "Transformation Details"
Timestamp["Preserve ISO 8601 format"]
Numeric["Maintain numeric precision"]
Order["Sort by timestamp ascending"]
end
Transform --> Timestamp
Transform --> Numeric
Transform --> Order

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Diagram sources

• network.js:113
• queries.js:77-83

Data Integrity Guarantees

• Timestamp Preservation: Original database timestamps are maintained
• Numeric Precision: All numeric values preserve their database precision
• Ordering: Results are consistently sorted by timestamp in ascending order
• Null Safety: Database null values are preserved in the response

Section sources

• network.js:119-126
• queries.js:77-83

Error Handling

The endpoint implements comprehensive error handling across all layers of the request lifecycle.

Error Scenarios

flowchart TD
Request[Incoming Request] --> Validate[Parameter Validation]
Validate --> ValidRange{Valid Range?}
ValidRange --> |No| ParamError[400 Error Response]
ValidRange --> |Yes| CacheCheck[Cache Lookup]
CacheCheck --> CacheHit{Cache Available?}
CacheHit --> |Yes| CacheResponse[Return Cached Data]
CacheHit --> |No| DatabaseQuery[Database Query]
DatabaseQuery --> DBAvailable{Database Available?}
DBAvailable --> |No| EmptyResponse[Return Empty Array]
DBAvailable --> |Yes| DBResult[Return Query Results]
CacheResponse --> End[Complete]
DBResult --> CacheStore[Cache Results]
CacheStore --> End
EmptyResponse --> End
ParamError --> End

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Diagram sources

• network.js:85-132

Error Response Types

Scenario	HTTP Status	Response Body	Purpose
Invalid range parameter	400	{ error: "Invalid range parameter", validRanges: [...] }	Parameter validation failure
Database unavailable	200	[]	Graceful fallback when database is down
Cache unavailable	200	[]	Graceful fallback when Redis is down
Successful request	200	[snapshot...]	Normal operation with cached/fresh data

Error Recovery Mechanisms

• Graceful Degradation: Redis failures don't break the service
• Database Fallback: Empty array responses when database is unavailable
• Non-Critical Cache Failures: Cache write failures don't affect response delivery
• Connection Resilience: Redis client automatically reconnects on failures

Section sources

• network.js:91-96
• network.js:106-108
• network.js:114-117
• network.js:123-126

Performance Considerations

The endpoint is designed for high-performance charting applications with several optimization strategies.

Performance Characteristics

Metric	Value	Description
Cache TTL	300 seconds	Balances freshness with performance
Response Size	Variable	Depends on selected time range
Query Complexity	O(n log n)	Database sorting by timestamp
Cache Hit Rate	High	Frequently accessed ranges cached
Memory Usage	Minimal	Streaming responses for large datasets

Optimization Strategies

1. Cache-First Architecture: Reduces database load by ~95%
2. Connection Pooling: Efficient database resource utilization
3. Lazy Initialization: Redis connections established on demand
4. JSON Serialization: Efficient data transfer format
5. Minimal Transformations: Preserves data integrity with low overhead

Scalability Features

• Horizontal Scaling: Stateless design supports multiple instances
• Connection Management: Automatic Redis reconnection
• Memory Efficiency: Streaming responses for large datasets
• Graceful Degradation: Maintains functionality during partial outages

Integration Examples

Frontend Integration

The endpoint integrates seamlessly with the React-based frontend dashboard:

React Hook Usage:

// Using the network API service
const fetchNetworkHistory = (range = '1h') => 
  api.get(`/network/history?range=${range}`).then(r => r.data);

// Store integration
const useNetworkStore = create((set) => ({
  history: [],
  historyRange: '1h',
  setHistory: (data) => set({ history: data }),
  setHistoryRange: (range) => set({ historyRange: range })
}));

Chart Component Integration:

// TPS History Chart expects array of objects with timestamp and tps fields
const chartData = history.map(h => ({
  timestamp: h.timestamp,
  tps: h.tps
}));

Section sources

• networkApi.js:4
• networkStore.js:6
• TpsHistoryChart.jsx:38-41

Client-Side Usage Patterns

Basic Usage:

// Fetch 1-hour history
fetchNetworkHistory('1h');

// Fetch 24-hour history  
fetchNetworkHistory('24h');

// Fetch 7-day history
fetchNetworkHistory('7d');

Range Switching:

// Update chart range and refetch data
setHistoryRange('24h');
fetchNetworkHistory('24h');

Error Handling:

// Handle potential errors gracefully
try {
  const data = await fetchNetworkHistory('1h');
  setHistory(data);
} catch (error) {
  console.error('Failed to fetch network history:', error);
  setHistory([]); // Fallback to empty data
}

Troubleshooting Guide

Common Issues and Solutions

Issue: Invalid Range Parameter Error

Symptoms: HTTP 400 response with validation error Cause: Invalid range value provided Solution: Use one of the accepted values: '1h', '24h', or '7d'

Issue: Empty Response Array

Symptoms: HTTP 200 with empty array [] Causes:

• Database not yet populated with data
• Database connection issues
• No snapshots recorded for the requested range

Issue: Cache Unavailable

Symptoms: Database queries executed despite cache presence Causes:

• Redis service not running
• Redis connection timeout
• Redis authentication failure

Issue: Slow Response Times

Symptoms: Latency above expected thresholds Causes:

• Large time range selection (7d)
• Database performance issues
• Network latency to database

Diagnostic Steps

1. Verify Parameter Values: Ensure range is one of '1h', '24h', '7d'
2. Check Cache Status: Verify Redis connectivity and cache availability
3. Monitor Database: Confirm database connectivity and query performance
4. Review Logs: Check server logs for error messages and warnings
5. Test Connectivity: Verify network connectivity between services

Monitoring and Metrics

Key Performance Indicators:

• Cache hit ratio for network history
• Database query execution time
• Redis connection status
• Response latency distribution

Section sources

• network.js:106-108
• redis.js:75-112

Conclusion

The GET /api/network/history endpoint provides a robust, high-performance solution for retrieving historical network data with comprehensive caching and error handling capabilities. Its cache-first architecture ensures optimal performance while maintaining data freshness through configurable TTL policies.

The endpoint's design supports scalable deployment patterns and graceful degradation when underlying services experience issues. The standardized response format enables seamless integration with charting libraries and dashboard components.

Key strengths include:

• Performance: High cache hit rates and minimal database load
• Reliability: Graceful fallback mechanisms for all failure scenarios
• Flexibility: Support for multiple time ranges with consistent data format
• Maintainability: Clear separation of concerns and modular architecture

This endpoint serves as a critical foundation for the InfraWatch monitoring dashboard, enabling real-time insights into Solana network performance through efficient data retrieval and visualization.