feat(ciphers): add Lamport one-time signature

[nitin1053]

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• All filenames are in PascalCase.
• All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• All new algorithms include a corresponding test class that validates their functionality.
• All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 95.65217% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 81.34%. Comparing base (6ed9243) to head (3c31785).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...va/com/thealgorithms/ciphers/LamportSignature.java	95.65%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #7617      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     81.31%   81.34%   +0.03%     
- Complexity     7979     7983       +4     
============================================
  Files           832      833       +1     
  Lines         25185    25231      +46     
  Branches       4910     4920      +10     
============================================
+ Hits          20478    20525      +47     
- Misses         3920     3921       +1     
+ Partials        787      785       -2     

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[alxkm]

Looks good. Thank you for the contribution.