feat(algebraic): add dynamic projections and adaptive HLL cardinality

[ajroetker]

What changed

• uses hash-set membership and single-pass evaluation for exact cardinality constraints
• projects bounded dynamic-template fields into typed algebraic docfacts
• gates dynamic-field acceleration and static projection changes until replacement projections are durably ready
• adds HLL sketches with exact, approximate, and automatic cardinality selection
• supports array-valued grouping/value fields with set semantics
• adds bounded, durable adaptive HLL promotion and resumable backfill
• hardens sketch decoding, estimate saturation, configuration validation, lifecycle ownership, and missing-sketch behavior
• registers the HLL test module in the authoritative storage test manifest
• regenerates the OpenAPI and Go, TypeScript, and Python SDK contracts

Why

This keeps the independently extracted algebraic performance, dynamic projection, and HLL work from the larger #145 branch in one reviewable PR. It remains separate from memory-backend snapshots, relational storage, SQL, and graph metrics.

Impact

Exact cardinality evaluation performs less allocation and repeated traversal. Eligible dynamic-template fields participate in typed algebraic projection, while cardinality queries can use maintained HLL sketches without exposing partial or stale adaptive backfills.

Validation

• dynamic projection/cardinality safety target — 40/40 passed
• focused HLL tests — 9/9 passed
• storage test-shard audit passed
• root suites — 229/229 and 36/36 passed
• Go, TypeScript, and Python SDK checks passed
• HLL benchmark smoke completed successfully
• git diff --check passed