Article Registry — On-Chain Article Storage on Solana

A full-stack decentralised application that lets any wallet owner publish, update, and delete articles stored permanently on the Solana blockchain. Each article is a Program Derived Address (PDA) owned exclusively by its author — no centralised server, no database.

Live program (Devnet): 3HghJSSrCCTuW63nhMintkNatfMsqEFgUAGvJNHtADMa

Features

Publish articles on-chain — title, abstract, full content, references, and publish date stored in a Solana PDA
Update articles — description, content, and references are mutable; title and publish date are immutable
Delete articles — closes the PDA account and returns the rent lamports to the owner
Owner-only writes — has_one constraints enforce that only the wallet that created an article can modify or delete it
Auto-derived PDAs — no manual account addresses; the client resolves accounts from [title, owner] seeds automatically
React + Vite frontend — Tailwind CSS UI with wallet adapter support (Phantom, Backpack, etc.)
Network-aware — supports devnet / testnet / mainnet-beta via env variables

Architecture

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                 React Frontend (Vite)           │
│  app/src/                                       │
│  ├── hooks/useArticleRegistry.ts  ← Anchor RPC │
│  ├── components/                               │
│  └── idl/article_registry.json   ← IDL         │
└───────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┘
                    │ @coral-xyz/anchor
                    ▼
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│         Solana Blockchain (Devnet)              │
│                                                 │
│  Program: article_registry                      │
│  ID: 3HghJSSrCCTuW63nhMintkNatfMsqEFgUAGvJN... │
│                                                 │
│  PDAs seeded by [title_bytes, owner_pubkey]     │
│  Each PDA stores one ArticleEntry account       │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

PDA Derivation

Every article lives at a deterministic address derived from the article's title and the owner's public key:

PDA = findProgramAddress(
  seeds: [title_as_bytes, owner_pubkey_as_bytes],
  program_id: 3HghJSSrCCTuW63nhMintkNatfMsqEFgUAGvJNHtADMa
)

This means:

The same title can be used by different wallets (separate PDAs)
The same wallet cannot publish two articles with identical titles
Titles are immutable — changing a title would produce a different PDA

Project Structure

article-registry/
├── Anchor.toml                    # Anchor workspace config (cluster, wallet, scripts)
├── Cargo.toml                     # Rust workspace manifest
├── package.json                   # Root JS devDependencies (ts-mocha, chai, anchor…)
├── tsconfig.json                  # Root TypeScript config (for tests)
│
├── programs/
│   └── article-registry/
│       ├── Cargo.toml             # Crate manifest (anchor-lang 0.31.1)
│       └── src/
│           └── lib.rs             # ← All on-chain program logic
│
├── tests/
│   └── article-registry.ts        # Mocha / Chai integration tests (runs on devnet)
│
├── migrations/
│   └── deploy.ts                  # Anchor migration script
│
└── app/                           # React frontend (Vite)
    ├── package.json
    ├── vite.config.ts
    ├── tailwind.config.js
    └── src/
        ├── main.tsx               # Wallet adapter providers
        ├── App.tsx                # Root component with article grid
        ├── config.ts              # Cluster / RPC endpoint config
        ├── idl/
        │   └── article_registry.json  # ← Auto-generated IDL (copy from target/)
        ├── hooks/
        │   ├── useArticleRegistry.ts  # Anchor program interactions
        │   └── useNetworkStatus.ts    # RPC health + SOL balance
        ├── components/
        │   ├── ArticleCard.tsx        # Single article display
        │   ├── ArticleModal.tsx       # Create / edit form
        │   ├── ConfirmDeleteModal.tsx # Delete confirmation
        │   ├── FaucetWidget.tsx       # Devnet airdrop widget
        │   ├── Header.tsx
        │   ├── NetworkBanner.tsx
        │   ├── OnboardingGuide.tsx
        │   └── Toast.tsx
        └── context/
            └── ToastContext.tsx       # Global toast notifications

On-Chain Account Schema

Each ArticleEntry PDA stores the following fields:

Field	Type	Max Size	Mutable	Description
`owner`	`Pubkey`	32 bytes	No	Wallet that created the article
`title`	`String`	50 chars	No	Article title (also part of PDA seed)
`description`	`String`	2000 chars	Yes	Short abstract / summary
`content`	`String`	5000 chars	Yes	Full article body
`references`	`Vec<String>`	5 × 200 chars	Yes	URLs or citations
`published_date`	`i64`	8 bytes	No	Unix timestamp set at creation via `Clock`

Account space: 8 (discriminator) + ArticleEntry::INIT_SPACE bytes, allocated up-front at creation using #[derive(InitSpace)] and #[max_len(...)] attributes — no realloc needed.

Program Instructions

`create_article_entry`

Creates a new article PDA. The signer pays for rent.

Parameter	Type	Constraints
`title`	`String`	1–50 chars, non-empty
`description`	`String`	1–2000 chars, non-empty
`content`	`String`	1–5000 chars, non-empty
`references`	`Vec<String>`	max 5 entries × max 200 chars each

Sets published_date automatically via Clock::get()?.unix_timestamp.

`update_article_entry`

Updates the mutable fields of an existing article. Only the original owner can call this.

Parameter	Type	Constraints
`title`	`String`	Used to re-derive the PDA seed — not stored again
`description`	`String`	1–2000 chars
`content`	`String`	1–5000 chars
`references`	`Vec<String>`	max 5 entries × max 200 chars each

title and published_date are never overwritten.

`delete_article_entry`

Closes the PDA account and refunds all lamports to the owner. Only the original owner can call this.

Parameter	Type	Description
`title`	`String`	Used to re-derive the PDA — account is then closed

Error Codes

Code	Name	Message
6000	`TitleEmpty`	Title cannot be empty
6001	`TitleTooLong`	Title exceeds the maximum length of 50 characters
6002	`DescriptionEmpty`	Description cannot be empty
6003	`DescriptionTooLong`	Description exceeds the maximum length of 2000 characters
6004	`ContentEmpty`	Content cannot be empty
6005	`ContentTooLong`	Content exceeds the maximum length of 5000 characters
6006	`TooManyReferences`	References list exceeds the maximum of 5 entries
6007	`ReferenceTooLong`	A reference entry exceeds the maximum length of 200 characters
6008	`Unauthorized`	You are not authorized to modify or delete this article

Prerequisites

Install all tooling in the order listed below.

1 — Rust

curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
rustup component add rustfmt clippy

2 — Solana CLI

curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSfL https://solana-install.solana.workers.dev | bash
# Verify
solana --version          # 1.18.x or later

3 — Anchor CLI (via AVM)

cargo install --git https://github.com/coral-xyz/anchor avm --force
avm install 0.31.1
avm use 0.31.1
# Verify
anchor --version          # anchor-cli 0.31.1

4 — Node.js & Yarn

# Node.js >= 20 recommended
node --version
npm install -g yarn

Version matrix used in this project

Tool Version

Rust stable (1.79+)

Solana CLI 1.18.x

Anchor CLI 0.31.1

Node.js 20.x

Yarn 1.x

Local Setup

# 1. Clone the repo
git clone <repo-url>
cd article-registry

# 2. Install root JS dependencies (mocha, chai, anchor testing utils)
yarn install

# 3. Install frontend dependencies
cd app && yarn install && cd ..

# 4. Generate a local Solana keypair (skip if you already have one)
solana-keygen new --outfile ~/.config/solana/id.json
solana airdrop 2 --url devnet    # Fund the wallet for deployment / tests

Environment Variables

The frontend is configured via a .env file inside the app/ directory. Copy the example and edit as needed:

cp app/.env.example app/.env

Variable	Default	Description
`VITE_NETWORK`	`devnet`	Solana cluster (`devnet` / `testnet` / `mainnet-beta`)
`VITE_RPC_URL`	(Solana public RPC)	Optional custom RPC endpoint

Example app/.env:

VITE_NETWORK=devnet
# VITE_RPC_URL=https://your-custom-rpc.com

Running the Frontend

cd app
yarn dev

Open http://localhost:5173 in your browser. Connect a Solana wallet (e.g. Phantom) pointed at Devnet.

To build a production bundle:

cd app
yarn build          # outputs to app/dist/
yarn preview        # preview the production build locally

Running Tests

Tests run against devnet using ts-mocha. Make sure your wallet has devnet SOL before running.

# From the repo root
anchor test

The test suite covers:

Suite	Cases
`createArticleEntry`	happy path, PDA determinism, multi-owner, empty title, oversized title, seed boundary (32 chars), empty description, oversized description, duplicate PDA rejection
`updateArticleEntry`	persists new values, immutability of title/owner, successive updates, empty description, oversized description, large description, non-owner rejection
`deleteArticleEntry`	lamport refund, post-deletion inaccessibility, re-creation after deletion, non-owner rejection, non-existent account rejection

To run tests without restarting a validator:

anchor test --skip-local-validator

Deploying to Devnet

After making changes to the Rust program:

# 1. Rebuild — this regenerates target/idl/ and target/types/
anchor build

# 2. Sync the fresh IDL into the frontend
cp target/idl/article_registry.json app/src/idl/article_registry.json

# 3. Deploy the upgraded binary
anchor deploy --provider.cluster devnet

# 4. Verify the program ID in lib.rs matches Anchor.toml and the IDL
#    declare_id!("...") in lib.rs
#    article_registry = "..." in Anchor.toml [programs.devnet]
#    "address": "..." in app/src/idl/article_registry.json

Important: Always run anchor build before anchor deploy. Deploying a stale .so that was compiled with a different declare_id! causes the "declared program id does not match" runtime error.

Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Please follow this workflow:

Reporting Bugs

Open an issue describing:

Steps to reproduce
Expected behaviour
Actual behaviour (including any on-chain error codes)

Pull Request Workflow

# Fork and clone the repo
git checkout -b feat/your-feature-name

# Make changes, then verify everything passes
anchor build                        # Rust compiles cleanly
cd app && npx tsc --noEmit && cd .. # No TypeScript errors
anchor test                         # All integration tests pass

# Commit and push
git add .
git commit -m "feat: describe your change"
git push origin feat/your-feature-name

Then open a Pull Request against main.

Project Conventions

Area	Convention
Rust	`snake_case` for functions and fields; errors prefixed with `ArticleError::`
TypeScript	`camelCase`; Anchor camelCase mapping from `snake_case` IDL fields applies automatically
IDL sync	After any Rust change run `anchor build` and copy the IDL — never hand-edit `article_registry.json`
Instruction args	Parameter names in Rust must match the PDA seed paths in `#[instruction(...)]` — using `_name` prefixes breaks client-side PDA auto-derivation
Account space	Use `#[derive(InitSpace)]` + `#[max_len(...)]` — do not compute space manually
Deployment	Always `anchor build` → copy IDL → `anchor deploy` in that order

Adding a New Field to `ArticleEntry`

Add the field to the ArticleEntry struct in lib.rs with the appropriate #[max_len(...)] if it is a String or Vec
Populate it in create_article_entry (and optionally update_article_entry)
Run anchor build — INIT_SPACE is recalculated automatically
Copy the new IDL: cp target/idl/article_registry.json app/src/idl/article_registry.json
Update the Article interface in app/src/hooks/useArticleRegistry.ts
Update ArticleModal.tsx (form field) and ArticleCard.tsx (display) as needed
Deploy: anchor deploy --provider.cluster devnet

Navigation Menu

Repository files navigation

Article Registry — On-Chain Article Storage on Solana

Table of Contents

Features

Architecture

PDA Derivation

Project Structure

On-Chain Account Schema

Program Instructions

`create_article_entry`

`update_article_entry`

`delete_article_entry`

Error Codes

Prerequisites

1 — Rust

2 — Solana CLI

3 — Anchor CLI (via AVM)

4 — Node.js & Yarn

Local Setup

Environment Variables

Running the Frontend

Running Tests

Deploying to Devnet

Contributing

Reporting Bugs

Pull Request Workflow

Project Conventions

Adding a New Field to `ArticleEntry`

About

Releases

Packages

Contributors

Languages

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
app		app
migrations		migrations
programs/article-registry		programs/article-registry
tests		tests
.gitignore		.gitignore
.prettierignore		.prettierignore
Anchor.toml		Anchor.toml
Cargo.lock		Cargo.lock
Cargo.toml		Cargo.toml
README.md		README.md
package.json		package.json
tsconfig.json		tsconfig.json
yarn.lock		yarn.lock

Tool	Version
Rust	stable (1.79+)
Solana CLI	1.18.x
Anchor CLI	0.31.1
Node.js	20.x
Yarn	1.x

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Article Registry — On-Chain Article Storage on Solana

Table of Contents

Features

Architecture

PDA Derivation

Project Structure

On-Chain Account Schema

Program Instructions

create_article_entry

update_article_entry

delete_article_entry

Error Codes

Prerequisites

1 — Rust

2 — Solana CLI

3 — Anchor CLI (via AVM)

4 — Node.js & Yarn

Local Setup

Environment Variables

Running the Frontend

Running Tests

Deploying to Devnet

Contributing

Reporting Bugs

Pull Request Workflow

Project Conventions

Adding a New Field to ArticleEntry

About

Resources

Stars

Watchers

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Releases

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Contributors

Languages

`create_article_entry`

`update_article_entry`

`delete_article_entry`

Adding a New Field to `ArticleEntry`