[sentry-native] update to 0.17.0

[Vitalii Koshura (AenBleidd)]

• Changes comply with the maintainer guide.
• SHA512s are updated for each updated download.
• The "supports" clause reflects platforms that may be fixed by this new version, or no changes were necessary.
• Any fixed CI baseline and CI feature baseline entries are removed from that file, or no entries needed to be changed.
• All patch files in the port are applied and succeed.
• The version database is fixed by rerunning ./vcpkg x-add-version --all and committing the result.
• Exactly one version is added in each modified versions file.

[Copilot]

Copilot review overview

🔵 Needs a closer look

Add the missing vendor/jsmn.h MIT notice to the installed copyright file list.

Review effort: Lite
Findings: None

What changed in this PR

Updates sentry-native from 0.16.8 to 0.17.0 and refreshes its checksum and version metadata.

Changes:

• Bumps the port version.
• Updates the source archive SHA512.
• Regenerates version and baseline metadata.

File	Description
versions/​s-/​sentry-native.json	Adds the 0.17.0 version entry.
versions/​baseline.json	Updates the baseline to 0.17.0.
ports/​sentry-native/​vcpkg.json	Sets the port version to 0.17.0.
ports/​sentry-native/​portfile.cmake	Updates the checksum; needs the vendor/jsmn.h notice added to the copyright file list.

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