💥 Remove obsolete QDMI calibration and pulse metadata

[burgholzer]

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Description

Adopt the final QDMI v1.4 metadata cleanup in MQT Core.

This pull request:

• pins QDMI 🚸 update maximum supported CMake version #513 at d6ce0da02cba1a3b903f0b046ef23af6f00edc6a, stacked on QDMI ✨ New optimization pass: Backpropagate output permutation and better dynamic circuit support #512 and Bump the submodules group with 4 updates #511;
• removes the C++ Device::getNeedsCalibration and Python Device.needs_calibration APIs;
• stops the bundled DDSIM and superconducting devices from advertising the removed calibration-readiness and pulse-support properties;
• retains QDMI_DEVICE_STATUS_CALIBRATION for devices that are actively calibrating;
• documents the QDMI 1.4 device-property renumbering and required rebuild; and
• updates the QDMI API documentation links to the 🚸 update maximum supported CMake version #513 preview.

QDMI v1.4 never gained a portable calibration action or a usable pulse interface. Providers that need proprietary calibration or pulse controls can expose a vendor-defined extension without reserving incomplete standard metadata.

Dependencies

This PR is stacked directly on #2229. The packaged Driver extension in #2230 and installed-runtime deployment work in #2231 follow this cleanup.

Validation

• release configure and affected QDMI targets: passed;
• QDMI CTest selection: 451/451 passed, with one existing SC job-ID skip;
• Python QDMI tests: 242/242 passed;
• stub generation: passed and changed only the QDMI stub;
• full repository lint and diff checks: passed;
• signed commit verification: passed.

Hosted CI is pending for this draft.

AI assistance: OpenAI Codex assisted with analysis, implementation, review, testing, and this description.

Checklist

• The pull request only contains commits that are focused and relevant to this change.
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• I have updated the documentation to reflect these changes.
• I have added entries to the changelog for any noteworthy additions, changes, fixes, or removals.
• I have added migration instructions to the upgrade guide (if needed).
• The changes follow the project's style guidelines and introduce no new warnings.
• The changes are fully tested and pass the CI checks.
• I have reviewed my own code changes.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.

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[burgholzer]

This one is actually straight forward and could be folded into #2226 to reduce the number of PRs in this stack a little and combine changes that logically belong to one another. After folding, this PR can be closed and the remaining PRs can be re-stacked accordingly.