♻️ Use the Core OpenQASM serializer

[simon1hofmann]

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Description

Migrate projective-assertion compilation to the operation-level serializer
introduced by MQT Core #2249.

• replace the removed Operation::dumpOpenQASM2 calls with
  qc::OpenQASMSerializer;
• reuse one serializer for the forward and inverse assertion circuits;
• serialize the inverted clone that the reverse pass already constructed;
• exercise the non-self-inverse s/sdg path in the compilation test.

Draft status

This PR intentionally remains a draft until MQT Core v4 is released. It does
not pin an intermediate Core commit and does not add temporary MLIR/CI setup.
CI is therefore expected to fail against the currently released Core version.

Dependencies

• Depends on MQT Core #2249
  and the corresponding MQT Core v4 release.

Validation

Validated against the Core PR branch before removing the temporary pin:

• focused projective-measurement tests: 6/6
• full Debugger C++ suite: 149/149
• full uvx nox -s lint

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Checklist

• The pull request only contains commits that are focused and relevant to this change.
• I have added appropriate tests that cover the new/changed functionality.
• I have updated the documentation to reflect these changes.
• The changes follow the project's style guidelines and introduce no new warnings.
• The changes are fully tested and pass the CI checks. This waits for MQT Core v4.
• I have reviewed my own code changes.

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[denialhaag]

Thanks for also updating the implementation here, @simon1hofmann! 😎

I just have two comments, both of which depend on the other two reviews:

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[denialhaag]

LGTM! 😎