sqlite: reject plans with unusable virtual table parameters

[trivikr]

Fixes: #66214

Return SQLITE_CONSTRAINT from xBestIndex() when a hidden column has an equality constraint that is not usable at the current point in the query plan. Accepting such a plan makes xFilter() call rows() with null, silently dropping rows and returning an empty result, e.g. for "SELECT DISTINCT * FROM m(t.a) JOIN t ON t.a = m.a".

Cost estimates alone cannot enforce parameter dependencies; rejecting the plan lets SQLite pick an ordering where the parameter value is available.

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Assisted-by: opencode

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/sqlite

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 75.00000% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 90.27%. Comparing base (c0ed28f) to head (cd29ffe).
⚠️ Report is 2 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/node_sqlite.cc	75.00%	1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #66215      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   90.29%   90.27%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         790      790              
  Lines      272883   272891       +8     
  Branches    52118    52108      -10     
==========================================
- Hits       246387   246348      -39     
- Misses      16943    16996      +53     
+ Partials     9553     9547       -6     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/node_sqlite.cc	82.04% <75.00%> (-0.02%)	⬇️

... and 32 files with indirect coverage changes

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