msvc: backport flags support

[AJIOB]

This PR is a backport of commits from https://github.com/rapidsai/sccache.

Nothing was changed in commit payload: only conflicts resolution.

Closes #2726

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 75.00000% with 13 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 73.72%. Comparing base (b45240d) to head (af37eee).
⚠️ Report is 3 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/compiler/msvc.rs	75.00%	13 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #2831   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   73.71%   73.72%           
=======================================
  Files          72       72           
  Lines       37932    37984   +52     
=======================================
+ Hits        27963    28002   +39     
- Misses       9969     9982   +13     

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